Evaluación de los métodos de predicción de la vía aérea difícil en pacientes con politraumatismo
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
La vía aérea puede estar involucrada desde el primer instante de un politraumatismo, por lo que su afectación suele ser en forma primaria y/o secundaria, o directa o indirectamente. La evaluación de la vía aérea y su manejo es un común denominador de vital importancia para los profesionales de la salud, identificar anticipadamente si la vía aérea será de difícil manejo, es un paso importante para asegurar el manejo de la situación, para así aumentar la seguridad del paciente que requiere manejo básico o especializado. Siendo el objetivo evaluar los métodos predictores para valorar la vía aérea difícil en pacientes con politraumatismo. Para nuestra muestra se recopilará la información en los casos de los pacientes politraumatizados del área de emergencia del Hospital Luis Vernaza, quienes a través de una técnica cuantitativa lograr establecer en cifras cuál de las evaluaciones es el más usado para poder llegar a predecir la vía aérea difícil. Se incluye a todos los pacientes politraumatizados. Se excluirán pacientes pediátricos, aquellos que incluyan patología diversa al politrauma y que se haya usado otro método distinto a la intubación endotraqueal. En este estudio se incluyó un total de 50 pacientes, de los cuales un 10% tuvieron vía aérea difícil y el 90% vía aérea fácil. Los test que fueron de mayor ayuda son el de Mallampati, una distancia corta de inter-incisivos, y aquellos pacientes con vía aérea comprometida por el trauma. Se encontró una incidencia del 10% de vías aéreas difíciles. Incluir el mayor número o combinar las distintas valoraciones, harán que la detección oportuna de una vía aérea difícil sea la más adecuada, para así evitar poner en peligro la vida del paciente.
The airway may be involved from the first moment of a multiple trauma, so their involvement is usually in primary and / or secondary, or directly or indirectly. The evaluation of the airway and management is a common denominator of vital importance for health professionals, early identification if the airway is difficult to manage, is an important step to ensure the handling of the situation, in order to increase the patient safety requires basic or specialized handling. The objective being to assess the predictive methods to assess the difficult airway in patients with multiple injuries. For our sample data be collected in cases of multiple trauma patients in the emergency area of Luis Vernaza Hospital, who through a quantitative technique able to establish figures which of the assessments is the most used to get to predict airway difficult. All trauma patients are included, pediatric patients are excluded, those who include diverse pathology at polytrauma and who has used a different method to endotracheal intubation. In this study a total of 50 patients, of whom 10% had difficult airway and 90% air easily included. The tests that were most helpful are Mallampati, a short distance inter-incisor, and patients with airway compromised by the trauma. an incidence of 10% was found difficult airways. Include as many or combine the different assessments, make early detection of a difficult airway is the most appropriate in order to avoid endangering the patient's life.
The airway may be involved from the first moment of a multiple trauma, so their involvement is usually in primary and / or secondary, or directly or indirectly. The evaluation of the airway and management is a common denominator of vital importance for health professionals, early identification if the airway is difficult to manage, is an important step to ensure the handling of the situation, in order to increase the patient safety requires basic or specialized handling. The objective being to assess the predictive methods to assess the difficult airway in patients with multiple injuries. For our sample data be collected in cases of multiple trauma patients in the emergency area of Luis Vernaza Hospital, who through a quantitative technique able to establish figures which of the assessments is the most used to get to predict airway difficult. All trauma patients are included, pediatric patients are excluded, those who include diverse pathology at polytrauma and who has used a different method to endotracheal intubation. In this study a total of 50 patients, of whom 10% had difficult airway and 90% air easily included. The tests that were most helpful are Mallampati, a short distance inter-incisor, and patients with airway compromised by the trauma. an incidence of 10% was found difficult airways. Include as many or combine the different assessments, make early detection of a difficult airway is the most appropriate in order to avoid endangering the patient's life.
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Estudios prospectivos, Manejo de la vía aérea, Politraumatismos, Hospital Luis Vernaza, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Análisis estadístico