Resistencia bacteriana en los pacientes de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Provincial Docente Ambato. Guía de recomendaciones de terapia antimicrobiana para manejo inicial de pacientes
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
La resistencia bacteriana es un fenómeno creciente caracterizado por una refractariedad
parcial o total de los microorganismos al efecto del antibiótico por su uso indiscriminado e
irracional, siendo necesario contribuir con un diagnóstico rápido y asertivo sobre los agentes
etiológicos que provocan resistencia bacteriana en pacientes internados en el Área de Cuidados
Intensivos del Hospital Provincial Docente Ambato, la investigación se llevó a cabo bajo el
objetivo de determinar el perfil de resistencia bacteriana en dicha unidad, la metodología
empleada fue observacional y descriptivo correlacional en búsqueda de identificar resistencia
bacteriana en pacientes durante su estadía en UCI, para ello se revisaron 151 registros
microbiológicos de pruebas de sensibilidad de los pacientes atendidos en Cuidados Intensivos
durante el periodo Mayo del 2014 y Abril del 2015 y con el sistema Microscan ® del
Laboratorio Clínico se estableció que las bacterias más frecuentes fueron la Klebsiella
pneumoniae en un 31,7%, Escherichia coli 8,60% , Pseudomona aeruginosa 12,58% y
Enterobacter cloacae con 11,25% , así también que la K pneumoniae es resistente en un 100%
a la ampicilina, piperacilina, cefazolina, la E. coli, muestra resistencia de un 90% a la
tetraciclina, la P. aeruginosa, muestran resistencia del 100% a la ampicilina, piperacilina,
amoxicilina y la E. cloacae en un 100% a la amoxicilina/ac. clavulánico, ampicilina/ sulbactam
y cefazolina. Concluyéndose que existe alta incidencia de resistencia bacteriana en la UCI del
Hospital Provincial Docente Ambato.
Bacterial resistance is a growing phenomenon characterized by a partial or complete refractoriness of microorganisms to the effect of the antibiotic by their indiscriminate and irrational use, being necessary to contribute to a rapid and assertive diagnosis of the etiologic agents that cause bacterial resistance in patients in the area Intensive Care Provincial Teaching Hospital Ambato, research was conducted under the objective of determining the profile of bacterial resistance in the unit, the methodology used was observational and descriptive correlational to identify the prevalence of bacterial resistance presented by patients while in ICU, for it 151 microbiological records of culture and sensitivity of patients treated in ICU during the May 2014 period and April 2015 and the Microscan system Clinical Laboratory was established they were reviewed that the most frequent bacteria were K pneumoniae 31.7%, 8.60% E. coli, P. aeruginosa and E. cloacae 12.58% with 11.25%, so that the K pneumoniae is 100% resistant to ampicillin , peperacilina, cefazolin, E. coli, shows 90% resistance to tetracycline, the P. aeruginosa show 100% resistance to ampicillin, piperacillin, and Amoxicillin E. cloacae 100% to Amoxicicilina / Ac. Clavulanate, Ampicillin / Subactam and cefazolin. It concluded that in high incidence of bacterial resistance exists in ICU of Ambato Regional Hospital.
Bacterial resistance is a growing phenomenon characterized by a partial or complete refractoriness of microorganisms to the effect of the antibiotic by their indiscriminate and irrational use, being necessary to contribute to a rapid and assertive diagnosis of the etiologic agents that cause bacterial resistance in patients in the area Intensive Care Provincial Teaching Hospital Ambato, research was conducted under the objective of determining the profile of bacterial resistance in the unit, the methodology used was observational and descriptive correlational to identify the prevalence of bacterial resistance presented by patients while in ICU, for it 151 microbiological records of culture and sensitivity of patients treated in ICU during the May 2014 period and April 2015 and the Microscan system Clinical Laboratory was established they were reviewed that the most frequent bacteria were K pneumoniae 31.7%, 8.60% E. coli, P. aeruginosa and E. cloacae 12.58% with 11.25%, so that the K pneumoniae is 100% resistant to ampicillin , peperacilina, cefazolin, E. coli, shows 90% resistance to tetracycline, the P. aeruginosa show 100% resistance to ampicillin, piperacillin, and Amoxicillin E. cloacae 100% to Amoxicicilina / Ac. Clavulanate, Ampicillin / Subactam and cefazolin. It concluded that in high incidence of bacterial resistance exists in ICU of Ambato Regional Hospital.
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Resistencia bacteriana, Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, Infección hospitalaria, Hospital General Docente Ambato, Cantón Ambato, Ecuador, Farmacorresistencia bacteriana