Resistencia bacteriana en infecciones de vías urinarias en pacientes del Hospital Naval de Esmeraldas
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Las infecciones de vías urinarias son causa frecuente de morbilidad, generalmente son
producidas por Escherichia coli, las causas son por la adaptabilidad de la bacteria y el uso
indiscriminado de antimicrobianos, siendo este un factor importante de resistencia. El
objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la frecuencia de agentes etiológicos y patrón de
resistencia antimicrobiana en el hospital naval de Esmeraldas entre agosto del 2015 y
septiembre 2016. De 226 muestras de pacientes con diagnóstico presuntivo de IVU y
signos clínicos de dolor en hipogastrio, fiebre, disuria entre otros, 70 fueron positivas
con recuento de ≥ 100.000 UFC, se identificó como agente etiológico a Escherichia coli
(48.6%) seguido por Klebsiella sp. (28.6%). Ampicilina, amoxicilina + ácido clavulónico y
ciprofloxacilina presentaron altos porcentajes de resistencia en la mayoría de los
uropatógenos. Por el contrario amikacina y nitrofurantoina mostraron el mayor porcentaje
de sensibilidad. Los programas institucionales deben estar encaminados a promover el uso
racional de medicamentos, es fundamental supervisar el uso de medicamentos y utilizar la
información recogida para desarrollar, aplicar y evaluar estrategias para cambiar los
hábitos de uso inadecuado de las medicinas. Este estudio orientará de manera explícita
sobre el comportamiento epidemiológico de las bacterias del tracto urinario referente a
resistencia y sensibilidad a los antibióticos de uso común por el personal médico.
Urinary tract infections are a frequent cause of morbidity and are usually caused by Escherichia coli, due to the adaptability of the bacteria and the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials, which is an important factor of resistance. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of etiologic agents and antimicrobial resistance pattern at the Naval Hospital of Esmeraldas between August 2015 and September 2016. Of 226 samples from patients with a presumptive diagnosis of UTI and clinical signs of hypogastric pain, fever , Dysuria among others, 70 were positive with a count of ≥ 100,000 CFU, Escherichia coli (48.6%) was identified as the etiological agent followed by Klebsiella sp. (28.6%). Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, ampicillin and ciprofloxacina presented high percentages of resistance for most uropathogens. In contrast amikacin and nitrofurantoin showed the highest percentage of sensitivity. Institutional programs should be aimed at promoting the rational use of medicines, it is essential to monitor the use of medicines and use the information gathered to develop, implement and evaluate strategies to change the habits of inappropriate use of medicines. This study will explicitly guide the epidemiological behavior of urinary tract bacteria related to resistance and sensitivity to antibiotics commonly used by medical personnel.
Urinary tract infections are a frequent cause of morbidity and are usually caused by Escherichia coli, due to the adaptability of the bacteria and the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials, which is an important factor of resistance. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of etiologic agents and antimicrobial resistance pattern at the Naval Hospital of Esmeraldas between August 2015 and September 2016. Of 226 samples from patients with a presumptive diagnosis of UTI and clinical signs of hypogastric pain, fever , Dysuria among others, 70 were positive with a count of ≥ 100,000 CFU, Escherichia coli (48.6%) was identified as the etiological agent followed by Klebsiella sp. (28.6%). Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, ampicillin and ciprofloxacina presented high percentages of resistance for most uropathogens. In contrast amikacin and nitrofurantoin showed the highest percentage of sensitivity. Institutional programs should be aimed at promoting the rational use of medicines, it is essential to monitor the use of medicines and use the information gathered to develop, implement and evaluate strategies to change the habits of inappropriate use of medicines. This study will explicitly guide the epidemiological behavior of urinary tract bacteria related to resistance and sensitivity to antibiotics commonly used by medical personnel.
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Infecciones urinarias, Farmacorresistencia bacteriana, Antibacterianos, Hospital Naval Esmeraldas, Cantón Esmeraldas, Ecuador