Identificación de factores de riesgo y frecuencia del parto pretérmino en pacientes primigestas en el Servicio de Gineco-Obstetricia del Hospital Luis Gabriel Dávila durante el período 2015-2016
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
El parto pretérmino es aquel que se produce antes de las 37 semanas de gestación, y es
una causa importante de morbi-mortalidad infantil. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de parto
pretèrmino en las embarazadas primigestas ingresadas en el servicio de gineco Obstetricia del
Hospital Luis Gabriel Dàvila. Mètodo: Esta investigación es de tipo retrospectivo ,
transversal y descriptivo. Universo: Conformaron 95 historias clìnicas de pacientes
primigestas que terminaron en parto pretèrmino, en el servicio de Gineco Obstetricia del
Hospital Luis Gabriel Dàvila durante el perìodo 2015-2016.; para lo cual se elaboró un
cuestionario que recogió las variables: edad materna, edad gestacional a la que se produjo el
parto, número de controles prenatales recibidos, hábitos tóxicos, tipo de embarazo,
enfermedades maternas, evaluación nutricional al inicio del embarazo y longitud cervical.
Teniendo como resultados 95 partos pretèrminos de pacientes primigestas con una edad media
de 21 años, el promedio de edad gestacional a la que se produjo el parto es de 33,61%
semanas, recibieròn como promedio de 4 consultas prenatal antes de ser hospitalizadas. La
evaluación nutricional al comienzo del embarazo presentaron normopeso en un 51%, y el
34.4% de sobrepeso. La morbilidad materna más frecuente es la hipertensión arterial
gestacional 44,8% seguida de las I.T.U. 28.1%, R.P.M. 10.4% y la vaginosis bacteriana en un
8,3%. La longitud cervical de estas embarazadas es de 12,63mm una semana antes de
producirse el parto. Como propuesta se creò una lista de acciones a tener en cuenta en
consulta de riesgo preconcepcional.
Preterm birth is one that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation, and is an important cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Objective: To determine the factors of preterm delivery in the primigravida pregnant women admitted to the obstetrical gynecology service of the Hospital Luis Gabriel Dàvila. METHOD: This research is retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive. Universe: Conformed 95 clinical histories of primigravida patients that ended in preterm delivery, in the Gineco Obstetrics service of the Hospital Luis Gabriel Dàvila during the period 2015-2016 .; For which a questionnaire was drawn up that included the following variables: maternal age, gestational age at birth, number of prenatal controls received, toxic habits, type of pregnancy, maternal diseases, nutritional assessment at the beginning of pregnancy and cervical length . With the results of 95 preterm deliveries of primigravida patients with a mean age of 21 years, the average gestational age at which delivery occurred was 33.61% weeks, receiving an average of 4 prenatal consultations before being hospitalized. The nutritional assessment at the beginning of pregnancy showed normopeso in 51%, and 34.4% of overweight. The most frequent maternal morbidity is gestational arterial hypertension 44.8% followed by the I.T.U. 28.1%, R.P.M. 10.4% and bacterial vaginosis in 8.3%. The cervical length of these pregnant women is 12.63 mm a week before delivery. As a proposal was created a list of actions to be taken into account in consultation of preconceptional risk.
Preterm birth is one that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation, and is an important cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Objective: To determine the factors of preterm delivery in the primigravida pregnant women admitted to the obstetrical gynecology service of the Hospital Luis Gabriel Dàvila. METHOD: This research is retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive. Universe: Conformed 95 clinical histories of primigravida patients that ended in preterm delivery, in the Gineco Obstetrics service of the Hospital Luis Gabriel Dàvila during the period 2015-2016 .; For which a questionnaire was drawn up that included the following variables: maternal age, gestational age at birth, number of prenatal controls received, toxic habits, type of pregnancy, maternal diseases, nutritional assessment at the beginning of pregnancy and cervical length . With the results of 95 preterm deliveries of primigravida patients with a mean age of 21 years, the average gestational age at which delivery occurred was 33.61% weeks, receiving an average of 4 prenatal consultations before being hospitalized. The nutritional assessment at the beginning of pregnancy showed normopeso in 51%, and 34.4% of overweight. The most frequent maternal morbidity is gestational arterial hypertension 44.8% followed by the I.T.U. 28.1%, R.P.M. 10.4% and bacterial vaginosis in 8.3%. The cervical length of these pregnant women is 12.63 mm a week before delivery. As a proposal was created a list of actions to be taken into account in consultation of preconceptional risk.
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Parto prematuro, Primigestas, Atención prenatal, Factores de riesgo, Hospital General Provincial Luis Gabriel Dávila, Cantón Tulcán, Ecuador, Epidemiología descriptiva, Estudios retrospectivos