Estrategia preventiva educativa para la disminución de infección de vías urinarias en embarazadas del Hospital Básico de Daule
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Las infecciones en las vías urinarias son las infecciones bacterianas más frecuentes que se
presentan durante el embarazo. Los cambios propios de la gestación pueden propiciar la
aparición de esta patología que trae como consecuencia amenazas de parto pre término y
consecuencias tales como abortos en el primer trimestre; en el tercer trimestre de un parto
prematuro y retraso de crecimiento intrauterino, el patógeno mas frecuentemente asociado a estas
infecciones durante el embarazo es la Escherichia coli. El objetivo general es establecer las
causas de las infecciones bacterianas de las vías urinarias en embarazadas que acuden a Consulta
Externa del Centro de Salud del Hospital Básico de Daule. La metodología utilizada fue
cuantitativa, siendo la variable dependiente las infecciones de vías urinarias en embarazadas y la
variable independiente los factores de riesgos asociados a dichas infecciones. Los principales
resultados obtenidos se basan en que los Factores de Riesgo el que más predomina para en una
paciente embarazada son las infecciones urinarias recurrentes (IVU) que se ubica en un 56%
seguido de anemias con un 18%, obesidad un 4%, Diabetes 2%, ITS 1%, otras 16%. La
Bacteriuria Asintomática es la patología mas frecuente con un 49% de embarazadas que
presentan esta complicación, seguido de la Cistitis cuya infección se localiza en la uretra con un
29% de gestantes con esta complicación, mientras que un 22% de pacientes analizadas presenta
pielonefritis que es cuando la infección de vías urinarias se desplaza hacia los riñones. Se
recomienda continuar con las charlas en la consulta externa sobre los temas que incluyen en la
Estrategia Preventiva Educativa para las Infecciones de Vías Urinarias en gestantes.
Urinary tract infections are the most common bacterial infections that occur during pregnancy. Changes in gestation may lead to the onset of this pathology, which results in threats of preterm labor and consequences such as abortion in the first trimester; In the third trimester of a preterm birth and intrauterine growth retardation, the pathogen most frequently associated with these infections during pregnancy is Escherichia coli. The general objective is to establish the causes of bacterial infections of the urinary tract in pregnant women who attend an External Consultation of the Health Center of the Basic Hospital of Daule. The methodology used was quantitative since it allowed to examine the data in numerical way, with the help of tools of the field of Statistics. The main results obtained are based on the fact that the most prevalent risk factors for a pregnant patient are recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI), which is 56% followed by anemia with 18%, obesity 4%, Diabetes 2%, ITS 1%, other 16%. Asymptomatic Bacteriuria is the most frequent pathology with 49% of pregnant women who present this complication, followed by cystitis whose infection is located in the urethra with 29% of pregnant women with this complication, whereas 22% of patients analyzed have pyelonephritis Which is when the urinary tract infection moves to the kidneys. It is recommended to continue the talks in the external consultation on the topics included in the Preventive Education Guide for Urinary Tract Infections in pregnant women.
Urinary tract infections are the most common bacterial infections that occur during pregnancy. Changes in gestation may lead to the onset of this pathology, which results in threats of preterm labor and consequences such as abortion in the first trimester; In the third trimester of a preterm birth and intrauterine growth retardation, the pathogen most frequently associated with these infections during pregnancy is Escherichia coli. The general objective is to establish the causes of bacterial infections of the urinary tract in pregnant women who attend an External Consultation of the Health Center of the Basic Hospital of Daule. The methodology used was quantitative since it allowed to examine the data in numerical way, with the help of tools of the field of Statistics. The main results obtained are based on the fact that the most prevalent risk factors for a pregnant patient are recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI), which is 56% followed by anemia with 18%, obesity 4%, Diabetes 2%, ITS 1%, other 16%. Asymptomatic Bacteriuria is the most frequent pathology with 49% of pregnant women who present this complication, followed by cystitis whose infection is located in the urethra with 29% of pregnant women with this complication, whereas 22% of patients analyzed have pyelonephritis Which is when the urinary tract infection moves to the kidneys. It is recommended to continue the talks in the external consultation on the topics included in the Preventive Education Guide for Urinary Tract Infections in pregnant women.
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Embarazo, Infecciones urinarias, Medicina preventiva, Programas educativas, Hospital Básico de Daule, Cantón Daule, Ecuador