Factores que influyen en el embarazo subsecuente en adolescentes de 13 a 19 años
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
El embarazo precoz es un problema de salud pública, afecta a la adolescente, pareja,
familiares y sociedad, es un tema que requiere de más educación y apoyo. El objetivo
principal es determinar los factores que contribuyen a embarazos subsecuentes en
adolescentes de 13 a 19 años en el Hospital Alberto Correa. Se realizó un estudio analítico,
transversal, no experimental, retrospectivo, en una muestra de 105 adolescentes con
embarazos subsecuentes, para la obtención de la información se utilizó un hoja de obtención
de datos y revisión de historias clínicas. Los resultados obtenidos fueron que la prevalencia
de embarazos en adolescentes es de 28.7%, de estos el 30.61% corresponde a embarazos
subsecuentes, entre las causas que favorece a la aparición de esta problemática se encontró
que la edad promedio de inicio de vida sexual es a los 15 años 42.86%, el 60.95% mantienen
una relación estable, el 73.33% son amas de casa, con respecto a los antecedentes Gineco
Obstétricos el 86.7% de las adolescentes cursaba con un embarazo previo, en relación al uso
de anticonceptivos el 86.67% no utilizan ninguno, el 26.67% de las adolescentes tuvieron
una predisposición a realizarse controles prenatales con el número optimo según el MSP.
Llegando a la conclusión que los principales factores que contribuyen a embarazos
subsecuentes son: no utilizar un método anticonceptivo, mantener una relación estable y el
inicio temprano de las relaciones sexuales. Con estos antecedentes se realizó una propuesta
de prevención enfocado a la educación sexual y reproductiva.
Early pregnancy is a public health problem, affects the teenager, partner, family and society, is a subject that requires more education and support. The main objective is to identify the factors that contribute to subsequent pregnancies in adolescents from 13 to 19 years in the Hospital Alberto Correa. A study was conducted an analytical, transverse, non experimental, retrospective study in a sample of 105 adolescents with subsequent pregnancies, for obtaining the information it was used a data extraction sheet and reviewing medical histories. The results obtained were that the prevalence of pregnancies in adolescents is 28.7 per cent and of these 30.61% corresponds to subsequent pregnancies, among the causes that favors the emergence of this problem we found that the average age of initiation of sex life is at the age of 15 42.86per cent, 60.95% have maintained a stable relationship, 73.33% are housewives, with regard to the background Gineco-Obstétrics 87.7 per cent of the adolescents was cursed with a previous pregnancy, in relation to the use of contraceptives the 86.67% do not use none, the 26.67% of the adolescents had a predisposition to be carried out with the number of prenatal controls optimum according to the MSP. Coming to the conclusion that the main factors contributing to subsequent pregnancies are: Do not use a contraceptive method, maintain a stable relationship and the early beginning of sexual relations. With this background is made a proposal of prevention focused on sexual and reproductive health education.
Early pregnancy is a public health problem, affects the teenager, partner, family and society, is a subject that requires more education and support. The main objective is to identify the factors that contribute to subsequent pregnancies in adolescents from 13 to 19 years in the Hospital Alberto Correa. A study was conducted an analytical, transverse, non experimental, retrospective study in a sample of 105 adolescents with subsequent pregnancies, for obtaining the information it was used a data extraction sheet and reviewing medical histories. The results obtained were that the prevalence of pregnancies in adolescents is 28.7 per cent and of these 30.61% corresponds to subsequent pregnancies, among the causes that favors the emergence of this problem we found that the average age of initiation of sex life is at the age of 15 42.86per cent, 60.95% have maintained a stable relationship, 73.33% are housewives, with regard to the background Gineco-Obstétrics 87.7 per cent of the adolescents was cursed with a previous pregnancy, in relation to the use of contraceptives the 86.67% do not use none, the 26.67% of the adolescents had a predisposition to be carried out with the number of prenatal controls optimum according to the MSP. Coming to the conclusion that the main factors contributing to subsequent pregnancies are: Do not use a contraceptive method, maintain a stable relationship and the early beginning of sexual relations. With this background is made a proposal of prevention focused on sexual and reproductive health education.
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Embarazo en adolescencia, Embarazo subsecuente, Medicina preventiva, Hospital Alberto Correa Cornejo, Cantón Quito, Ecuador, Estudios retrospectivos