Cuidados de enfermería en recién nacidos a término con síndrome de aspiración meconial-propuesta de capacitación
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
La muerte del recién nacido debido a causas respiratorias es de 10 a 15% de
la mortalidad neonatal, lo que significa de entre 300 a 450 muertes anual a nivel
mundial,siendo una de las causas es el Síndrome de Aspiración Meconial el cual
puede ser evitado con un adecuado y oportuno diagnóstico, así como el tratamiento
por parte de los profesionales de salud encargados de la atención materno-neonatal,
especialmente del personal de enfermería. Por lo que el presente trabajo se efectúa
con el objetivo de diseñar un plan educativo de capacitación acerca de los cuidados y
el manejo del recién nacido a término con SAMque permita la identificación de la
presencia de la patología para que los cuidados de enfermería puedan ser brindados
oportunamente. La metodología empleada fue cualitativa, analizando la incidencia de
la patología en los recién nacidos hospitalizados mediante la revisión de historias
clínicas y verificando el nivel de conocimiento que posee el personal de enfermería
sobre los cuidados de recién nacidos afectados. Los resultados obtenidos muestran en
el caso de la incidencia del SAM datos muy similares a los encontrados en la
literatura tanto en factores como en complicaciones asociadas, así como un deficiente
nivel de conocimiento del personal de enfermería, motivo fundamental, la falta de
capacitación recibida en la Institución de Salud. Siendo el aporte del presente
estudio la elaboración de un plan educativo dirigido al personal de enfermería que
influya en su capacitación para cuidar a neonato con síndrome de aspiración
meconial.
The death of the newborn due to respiratory causes is 10 to 15% of neonatal mortality, which means between 300 to 450 deaths per year worldwide, one of the causes being the syndrome of meconium aspiration which can be avoided With an adequate and timely diagnosis, as well as treatment by the health professionals in charge of maternal-neonatal care, especially nursing staff. Therefore the present work is carried out with the objective of designing an educational training plan about the care and respiratory management of the term neonate with SAM that allows the identification of the presence of the pathology in neonates so that the nursing care Can be provided in a timely manner. The methodology used was qualitative, analyzing the incidence of pathology in hospitalized newborns by reviewing clinical records and verifying the level of knowledge that nurses have about the care of affected newborns. The results obtained show, in the case of the incidence of MBS, data very similar to those found in the literature, both in factors and in associated complications, as well as a poor level of knowledge of nursing staff, a fundamental reason, the lack of training received in The Health Institution. Being the contribution of the present study the elaboration of an educative plan directed to the nursing personnel that influences in its training to take care of neonate with syndrome of meconial aspiration
The death of the newborn due to respiratory causes is 10 to 15% of neonatal mortality, which means between 300 to 450 deaths per year worldwide, one of the causes being the syndrome of meconium aspiration which can be avoided With an adequate and timely diagnosis, as well as treatment by the health professionals in charge of maternal-neonatal care, especially nursing staff. Therefore the present work is carried out with the objective of designing an educational training plan about the care and respiratory management of the term neonate with SAM that allows the identification of the presence of the pathology in neonates so that the nursing care Can be provided in a timely manner. The methodology used was qualitative, analyzing the incidence of pathology in hospitalized newborns by reviewing clinical records and verifying the level of knowledge that nurses have about the care of affected newborns. The results obtained show, in the case of the incidence of MBS, data very similar to those found in the literature, both in factors and in associated complications, as well as a poor level of knowledge of nursing staff, a fundamental reason, the lack of training received in The Health Institution. Being the contribution of the present study the elaboration of an educative plan directed to the nursing personnel that influences in its training to take care of neonate with syndrome of meconial aspiration
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Síndrome de aspiración de meconio, Atención de enfermería, Recién nacido, Programas educativos, Unidad Metropolitana de Salud Sur, Cantón Quito, Ecuador