Factores de riesgo asociados a preeclampsia, gestantes del Hospital General IESS Santo Domingo
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2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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Antecedentes: La Preeclampsia (PE) es una de las complicaciones más frecuentes y graves del embarazo que aparece después de la semana 20 de gestación. Objetivo: Identificar los principales factores de riesgo de la preeclampsia que direccione en el diseño y ejecución de un plan educativo para prevenir esta patología. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo de las características sociodemográficas, obstétricas y antecedentes patológicos personales y
familiares de las pacientes del Hospital General IESS Santo Domingo (HGISD) hospitalizadas de enero a mayo del 2017. Resultados: La incidencia de preeclampsia durante el 2017 es del 12,5%, del tipo severa predominó en el grupo estudiado en un 55%, la edad
materna con mayor porcentaje fue de 29 años o más (50%), la etnia mestiza (95%), el nivel
de instrucción fue elevado: secundaria(41,7%), el lugar de procedencia: urbano (53,3%),
Entre las características obstétricas la primigestación (36,7%), la nuliparidad se presentó en
un 53,3%, los controles prenatales fueron óptimos en su mayoría (53,3%), no se dieron casos de embarazo múltiple, En lo que respecta a antecedentes patológicos personales el 16,7%
padeció preeclampsia en un embarazo anterior y un gran número de casos no presentó antecedentes patológicos familiares. Conclusiones: La incidencia de preeclampsia en el Hospital General IESS Santo Domingo es alta (12,5%), se presenta en mayor porcentaje en
mujeres de más de 29 años, que cursan su primera gestación por tanto son nulíparas. La raza
negra, los embarazos múltiples y antecedentes patológicos personales y familiares no
resultaron ser factores predisponentes para desarrollar preeclampsia. Existe relación
altamente significativa entre la gestación (p:0,28) y los controles prenatales (p:0,27) con el tipo de preeclampsia desarrollada.
Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the most frequent and serious complications of pregnancy that appears after the 20th week of gestation. Objective: To identify the main risk factors for preeclampsia that guide the design and execution of an educational plan to prevent this pathology. Material and method: A descriptive study of the sociodemographic, obstetric and personal and family pathological characteristics of the patients of the Hospital General IESS Santo Domingo (HGISD) hospitalized from January to May of 2017. Results: The incidence of preeclampsia during 2017 is 12 , 5% of the severe type predominated in the studied group in 55%, the maternal age with the highest percentage was 29 years or more (50%), the mestizo ethnic group (95%), the educational level was high: secondary (41.7%), the place of origin: urban (53.3%). Among the obstetric characteristics, primigra- tion (36.7%), nulliparity was presented in 53.3%, prenatal controls were optimal in With regard to personal pathological history, 16.7% had preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy, and a large number of cases did not present a familial pathological history (53.3%). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of preeclampsia in the IESS Santo Domingo General Hospital is high (12.5%), it is present in a higher percentage in women over 29 years of age, who are in their first gestation because they are nulliparous. Black race, multiple pregnancies, and personal and familial pathological antecedents were not found to be predisposing factors for developing preeclampsia. There is a highly significant relationship between gestation (p: 0.28) and prenatal controls (p: 0.27) with the type of preeclampsia developed.
Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the most frequent and serious complications of pregnancy that appears after the 20th week of gestation. Objective: To identify the main risk factors for preeclampsia that guide the design and execution of an educational plan to prevent this pathology. Material and method: A descriptive study of the sociodemographic, obstetric and personal and family pathological characteristics of the patients of the Hospital General IESS Santo Domingo (HGISD) hospitalized from January to May of 2017. Results: The incidence of preeclampsia during 2017 is 12 , 5% of the severe type predominated in the studied group in 55%, the maternal age with the highest percentage was 29 years or more (50%), the mestizo ethnic group (95%), the educational level was high: secondary (41.7%), the place of origin: urban (53.3%). Among the obstetric characteristics, primigra- tion (36.7%), nulliparity was presented in 53.3%, prenatal controls were optimal in With regard to personal pathological history, 16.7% had preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy, and a large number of cases did not present a familial pathological history (53.3%). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of preeclampsia in the IESS Santo Domingo General Hospital is high (12.5%), it is present in a higher percentage in women over 29 years of age, who are in their first gestation because they are nulliparous. Black race, multiple pregnancies, and personal and familial pathological antecedents were not found to be predisposing factors for developing preeclampsia. There is a highly significant relationship between gestation (p: 0.28) and prenatal controls (p: 0.27) with the type of preeclampsia developed.
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FACTORES DE RIESGO, PREECLAMPSIA, MUJERES EMBARAZADAS, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, HOSPITAL GENERAL IESS SANTO DOMINGO, CANTON SANTO DOMINGO, ECUADOR, ATENCION PRENATAL