Programa de gestión del riesgo biológico de VIH en personal sanitario en Unidad Hospitalaria de Especialidad de la ciudad de Guayaquil
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Antecedentes: El presente estudio se desarrolló en una Unidad Hospitalaria de
Especialidad, donde realizan atenciones para brindar el Tratamiento del Síndrome de
Inmunodeficiencia Humana. El objetivo del estudio es Diseñar un Programa de Gestión de
Riesgo Biológico de VIH en personal sanitario. Materiales y métodos: La medición del
riesgo al Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana se realizó mediante la metodología
BIOGAVAL. Resultados: Se identificó que las áreas de Cirugía y UCI de acuerdo a su Nivel
de acción biológica (NAB) requieren la adopción de medidas preventivas para reducir la
exposición, mientras que en las Áreas de Hospitalización, Emergencia, Laboratorio y Terapia
Respiratoria tienen un Límite de exposición biológica (LEB) donde representan situaciones
de riesgo intolerable que requieren acciones correctoras. La Probabilidad de Ocurrencia de
contagio VIH según el valor del tipo de lesión del Total de la Población en estudio: Valor Lesión
Según Probit: Probit (Pi) = -0,0505 + 0,102 (Valor del Tipo Lesión) Ninguna: Porcentaje
5,15%, valor Probit 0,0515; caída de fluido corporal en cara Porcentaje 15,35%, valor Probit
0,1535; caida de sangre en cara: Porcentaje 25,55% valor probit 0,2555; caída de suero
sanguíneo en cara: Porcentaje 35,75%, valor Probit 0,3575; contacto de sangre con herida
abierta: porcentaje 45,95%, valor Probit 0,4595; corte por sacar puntos porcentaje 56,15%,
valor probit 0,5615 pinchazo en dedo con aguja porcentaje 66,35%, valor probit 0,6635;
pinchazo en antebrazo con aguja porcentaje 76,55%, valor probit 0,7655, reincidente
porcentaje 86,75%, valor probit 0,8675. Conclusión: Todo esto nos hace evidenciar la
necesidad de aplicar un programa de gestión del riesgo biológico del VIH.
Background: The present study was developed in a Specialty Hospital Unit, where they provide care to provide the Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome. The objective of the study is to Design a Biological Risk Management Program for HIV in health personnel. Materials and methods: The measurement of the risk to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus was performed using the BIOGAVAL methodology. Results: It was identified that the areas of Surgery and ICU according to their Biological Action Level (NAB) require the adoption of preventive measures to reduce exposure, while in the Hospitalization, Emergency, Laboratory and Respiratory Therapy Areas have a Limit (LEB) where they represent situations of intolerable risk that require corrective actions. Probability of occurrence of HIV infection according to the value of the type of lesion of the Total of the population under study: Value According to Probit: Probit (Pi) = -0.0505 + 0.102 (Value of the Injury Type) None: Percent 5,15 %, Probit value 0.0515; Drop of body fluid on face Percentage 15.35%, Probit value 0.1535; Blood drop on face: Percentage 25.55% probit value 0.2555; Drop of blood serum on face: Percentage 35.75%, Probit value 0.3575; Open wound blood contact: percentage 45.95%, Probit value 0.4595; Cut by drawing points percentage 56.15%, value probit 0.5615 finger prick with needle percentage 66.35%, value probit 0.6635; Needle puncture in forearm with 76.55% percentage, value probit 0.7655, recidivent percentage 86.75%, value probit 0.8675. Conclusion: All this shows us the need to implement a biological risk management program for HIV.
Background: The present study was developed in a Specialty Hospital Unit, where they provide care to provide the Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome. The objective of the study is to Design a Biological Risk Management Program for HIV in health personnel. Materials and methods: The measurement of the risk to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus was performed using the BIOGAVAL methodology. Results: It was identified that the areas of Surgery and ICU according to their Biological Action Level (NAB) require the adoption of preventive measures to reduce exposure, while in the Hospitalization, Emergency, Laboratory and Respiratory Therapy Areas have a Limit (LEB) where they represent situations of intolerable risk that require corrective actions. Probability of occurrence of HIV infection according to the value of the type of lesion of the Total of the population under study: Value According to Probit: Probit (Pi) = -0.0505 + 0.102 (Value of the Injury Type) None: Percent 5,15 %, Probit value 0.0515; Drop of body fluid on face Percentage 15.35%, Probit value 0.1535; Blood drop on face: Percentage 25.55% probit value 0.2555; Drop of blood serum on face: Percentage 35.75%, Probit value 0.3575; Open wound blood contact: percentage 45.95%, Probit value 0.4595; Cut by drawing points percentage 56.15%, value probit 0.5615 finger prick with needle percentage 66.35%, value probit 0.6635; Needle puncture in forearm with 76.55% percentage, value probit 0.7655, recidivent percentage 86.75%, value probit 0.8675. Conclusion: All this shows us the need to implement a biological risk management program for HIV.
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Virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, Diseño de programas, Gestión de riesgo, Riesgo biológico, Personal de salud, Medicina preventiva, Unidad Hospitalario de Especialidades, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador