Complicaciones durante el parto en el Hospital de Atacames de enero a junio de 2016
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
En el hospital Juan Carlos Guasti de la ciudad de Atacames, provincia Esmeraldas, se
observa un número aproximado de 2 a 3 partos diarios, aproximadamente la mitad presentan
complicaciones, este estudio pretende hacer énfasis en los tipos de dificultades que se
muestran y las determinantes biopsicosociales que los caracterizan. Objetivo: Determinar las
complicaciones presentes durante el parto en el Hospital “Juan Carlos Guasti” de Atacames.
Y proponer un programa de educación a las mujeres en edad fértil. Metodología: El enfoque de
la investigación es no experimental, cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal. Resultados: 416
casos entre partos y cesáreas de los cuales el 85.1% corresponden a partos naturales y el
14.9% a cesáreas, de estas el 57% no presentaron complicaciones mientras que el 43% sí.
Las complicaciones presentadas son 22% ruptura prematura de membranas (RPM); 16%
desgarro cervical grado 1; 12% circular de cordón y 10% desproporción cefalopélvica
(DCP), de esos casos fueron intervenidas con cesárea el 33% por DCP, el 13% por
sufrimiento fetal (SF), el 10% por RPM. El 98,4% de las cesáreas no presentaron
complicaciones mientras que el 1.6% si, la que terminó en histerectomía. El 50% de los
partos se presentaron en edades de entre 20 y 28 años, el 28% adolescentes de 15 a 19 años
Conclusión: el mayor número de complicaciones se han presentado durante el parto en
relación a las cesáreas, sin embargo un gran porcentaje de cesáreas se han efectuado por
complicaciones durante el parto, cifras que podrían superar los límites del 10 al 15%
establecidos por OMS, las complicaciones de mayor frecuencia son desgarros cervicales,
RPM y DCP.
In the Juan Carlos Guasti hospital in the city of Atacames, Esmeraldas province, approximately 2 to 3 deliveries per day are observed, approximately half of them present complications, this study aims to emphasize the types of difficulties that are shown and the biopsychosocial determinants That characterize them. Objective: To determine the complications present during the delivery in the Hospital "Juan Carlos Guasti" of Atacames. And propose an education program for women of childbearing age. Methodology: The research approach is non-experimental, quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional. Results: 416 cases between births and cesareans, of which 85.1% correspond to natural births and 14.9% to cesarean sections, of which 57% did not present complications while 43% did. The complications presented are 22% premature rupture of membranes (RPM); 16% grade 1 cervical tear; 12% circular cord and 10% cephalopelvic disproportion (DCP); of these cases, 33% were operated by cesarean section for PDD, 13% for fetal distress (SF), 10% for RPM. 98.4% of cesareans had no complications, whereas 1.6% had cysareas, which ended in hysterectomy. Fifty percent of deliveries were in the age group of 20 to 28 years, 28% of adolescents aged 15 to 19 years. Conclusion: the greatest number of complications occurred during delivery in relation to cesarean sections, but a large percentage Of cesarean sections have been made due to complications during delivery, which could exceed WHO limits of 10% to 15%, the most frequent complications are cervical tears, RPM and FDD.
In the Juan Carlos Guasti hospital in the city of Atacames, Esmeraldas province, approximately 2 to 3 deliveries per day are observed, approximately half of them present complications, this study aims to emphasize the types of difficulties that are shown and the biopsychosocial determinants That characterize them. Objective: To determine the complications present during the delivery in the Hospital "Juan Carlos Guasti" of Atacames. And propose an education program for women of childbearing age. Methodology: The research approach is non-experimental, quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional. Results: 416 cases between births and cesareans, of which 85.1% correspond to natural births and 14.9% to cesarean sections, of which 57% did not present complications while 43% did. The complications presented are 22% premature rupture of membranes (RPM); 16% grade 1 cervical tear; 12% circular cord and 10% cephalopelvic disproportion (DCP); of these cases, 33% were operated by cesarean section for PDD, 13% for fetal distress (SF), 10% for RPM. 98.4% of cesareans had no complications, whereas 1.6% had cysareas, which ended in hysterectomy. Fifty percent of deliveries were in the age group of 20 to 28 years, 28% of adolescents aged 15 to 19 years. Conclusion: the greatest number of complications occurred during delivery in relation to cesarean sections, but a large percentage Of cesarean sections have been made due to complications during delivery, which could exceed WHO limits of 10% to 15%, the most frequent complications are cervical tears, RPM and FDD.
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Parto, Complicaciones del trabajo de parto, Cesárea, Programas educativos, Epidemiología descriptiva, Hospital Juan Carlos Guasti, Cantón Atacames, Ecuador