Factores de riesgo en recién nacido con bajo peso al nacer en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil-MSP durante el período 2014
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
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El bajo peso al nacer es el peso del neonato inferior a 2500 gramos, durante la primera hora de vida. Estos pacientes tienen una mortalidad 20 veces superior que la de un recién nacido con peso mayor. Es por ello que se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública. Son múltiples los factores de riesgo descritos que influyen en el peso bajo peso nacer entre los más importantes, la condición socioeconómica y edad de las gestantes, las infecciones genitourinarias, el olighidramnios. La investigación fue realizada en la población de madres cuyos hijos pesaron menos de 2500 gr al nacer en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil-MSP durante el año 2014. El objetivo es identificar los factores de riesgo que inciden en esta casa de salud en el nacimiento de productos de bajo peso. Para ello se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional de corte transversal retrospectivo con los datos estadísticos que se obtuvieron en las historias clínicas de la población mencionada. La Organización Mundial de la Salud indica que los recién nacidos con bajo peso constituyen la principal causa de morbilidad y mortalidad perinatal. Según la Unicef, cada año nacen más de 20 millones de niños y niñas con un peso inferior a los 2500 g. Los resultados de las estadísticas nos demuestran que entre los factores de riesgo más importantes tenemos que un 50% de las gestantes presentaron infección de vías urinarias durante el embarazo, en un 25.5% se diagnosticó oligohidramnios y el 16.4% tuvo anemia. Pese a que otras investigaciones afirman que las gestantes precoces tienen mayor probabilidad de tener hijos con bajo peso, nuestros datos no reflejan dichos resultados, tal vez porque esta población de embarazadas, es inferior a las comprendidas entre 25 y 35 años. Algunos de los factores de riesgo pueden ser detectados y corregidos si la paciente cumple con sus controles prenatales subsecuentes responsablemente. Es por ello que se propone realizar charlas informativas - educativas a los pacientes que acuden a dicho hospital, para así conozcan los factores de riesgo, los modifiquen y evitar futuras complicaciones en sus productos.
Low birth weight is the weight of the newborn less than 2500 grams during the first hour of life. These patients have a mortality rate 20 times higher than a newborn with greater weight. That`s why it has become a public health problem. There are multiple risk factors described influencing underweight, among the most important: socioeconomic status and age of the pregnant women, genitourinary infections, and oligohydramnios. The research was conducted in the population of mothers whose children weighed less than 2500 grams at birth at the University Hospital of Guayaquil-MSP during 2014. The aim is to identify risk factors that affect low weight neonates in this health house. For this, we did a retrospective study with statistical data obtained in the clinical histories of the population referred to took place. The Worlwide Health Organization indicates that newborn with low weight are the first cause of perinatal morbility and mortality. As Unicef refer, 20 million of infants are born with low weight below 2500 g each year. The results of the statistics showed us that among the most important risk factors we have that a 50% of pregnant women had urinary tract infection during pregnancy, 25.5% was diagnosed with oligohydramnios and 16.4% had anemia. Although, other studies claim that early pregnant women are more likely to have children with low weight, our data do not reflect these results, perhaps because this population of pregnant women, is lower than those between 25 and 35 years. Some of the risk factors can be detected and corrected if the patient meets responsibly their prenatal controls. That´s why there are plans to do conduct briefings for the patients who come to the hospital, so that they know the risk factors, so they can change them and avoid future complications in products.
Low birth weight is the weight of the newborn less than 2500 grams during the first hour of life. These patients have a mortality rate 20 times higher than a newborn with greater weight. That`s why it has become a public health problem. There are multiple risk factors described influencing underweight, among the most important: socioeconomic status and age of the pregnant women, genitourinary infections, and oligohydramnios. The research was conducted in the population of mothers whose children weighed less than 2500 grams at birth at the University Hospital of Guayaquil-MSP during 2014. The aim is to identify risk factors that affect low weight neonates in this health house. For this, we did a retrospective study with statistical data obtained in the clinical histories of the population referred to took place. The Worlwide Health Organization indicates that newborn with low weight are the first cause of perinatal morbility and mortality. As Unicef refer, 20 million of infants are born with low weight below 2500 g each year. The results of the statistics showed us that among the most important risk factors we have that a 50% of pregnant women had urinary tract infection during pregnancy, 25.5% was diagnosed with oligohydramnios and 16.4% had anemia. Although, other studies claim that early pregnant women are more likely to have children with low weight, our data do not reflect these results, perhaps because this population of pregnant women, is lower than those between 25 and 35 years. Some of the risk factors can be detected and corrected if the patient meets responsibly their prenatal controls. That´s why there are plans to do conduct briefings for the patients who come to the hospital, so that they know the risk factors, so they can change them and avoid future complications in products.
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Recién nacido de bajo peso, Epidemiología descriptiva, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Factores de riesgo