Anemia materna en embarazadas de 36 a 41 semanas de gestación por déficit de hierro y resultados en los neonatos estudio realizado en la Emergencia del Hospital Maternidad Mariana de Jesús desde enero del 2014 a diciembre del 2014
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Obstetricia
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La anemia en mujeres embarazadas de 36 a 41 semanas de gestación constituye un problema de morbimortalidad queafecta tanto a la madre como a su hijo, pudiendo producir complicaciones en etapas perinatales y posnatales. La anemia es un descenso de la concentración de hemoglobina con una reducción consiguiente del valor del hematocrito. Debido a la diferencia en las concentraciones de hemoglobina tanto en hombres y mujeres gestantes y no gestantes, por lo que existen variaciones en el intervalo que define la anemia. Hay suficientes evidencias de que la anemia por deficiencia de hierro y ácido fólico en la embarazada aumenta el riesgo de partos prematuros y bajo peso al nacer, dificultad del cierre del tubo neural, espina bífida. El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar la incidencia y factores asociados a la anemia ferropénica en pacientes embarazadas de 36 a 41 semanas de gestación que acuden a la emergencia del Hospital Maternidad Mariana de Jesús desde Enero del 2014 hasta Diciembre del 2014, bajo esta presunción diagnostica y valoradas clínicamente; obtuvimos como instrumentos una hoja de recolección de datos, historia clínica minuciosa y valoración de exámenes complementarios. La metodología fue de tipo transversal, descriptivo, explicativo, bibliográfico, con diseño, no experimental, retrospectivo. Los resultados del mismo permitieron conocer un mayor porcentaje de anemia moderada con 66,67% y en menor porcentaje en anemia leve un 10,76%, en relación a la edad cronológica la mayor frecuencia observamos en mujeres de 20 a 25 años representa un 34,66% y con menor porcentaje de 36 a 40 años en un 5,33%, según la procedencia un 52% en el área marginal y un 12 % en el área rural, de acuerdo a la paridad reporta un 50,66% en las pacientes secundigestas y un 13,33% en las multigesta. A pesar de la anemia materna los neonatos nacieron con un peso de 3100 a 3500 gramos representando un 42,67% del total de los casos, no presentaron anemia y la talla fue normal.
Anemia in pregnant women from 36 to 41 weeks gestation morbidity and mortality is a problem that affects both the mother and her child, and can cause complications in perinatal and postnatal stages.Anemia is a decrease in hemoglobin concentration with a consequent reduction of hematocrit value. Due to the difference in hemoglobin both males and pregnant and nonpregnant women, so that variations in the range defining anemia. There is sufficient evidence that iron deficiency anemia and folic acid in pregnancy increases the risk of premature birth and low birth weight, defects of the neural tube, spina bífida.The purpose of this research was to determine the incidence and factores associated with iron deficiency anemia in pregnant patients 36 – 41 weeks gestation who come to the Emergency Maternity Hospital Mariana De Jesúsfrom January 2014 to December 2014, under this presumption diagnosed clinically and valued; a sheet obtained as instruments for data collection thoroughhistory and assessment of additional test.The methodology was cross, descriptive, explanatory, literature, designed, non- experimental, retrospective. Its results allowed to know a higher percentage of 66,67% with moderate anemia and mild anemia lowest percentage in 10,76% in relation to chronological ager as often observed in women aged 20 to 25 years represented 34,66% and lower percentage of 36 – 40 years at 5,33% by source 52% in the marginal área and 12% in rural área, according to parity in reporting a 50,66% the secundigestas patients and 13,33% in multigesta. Although maternal anemia infants born weighing 3100 – 3500 grams representing 42,67% of all cases did not present anemia and height was normal.
Anemia in pregnant women from 36 to 41 weeks gestation morbidity and mortality is a problem that affects both the mother and her child, and can cause complications in perinatal and postnatal stages.Anemia is a decrease in hemoglobin concentration with a consequent reduction of hematocrit value. Due to the difference in hemoglobin both males and pregnant and nonpregnant women, so that variations in the range defining anemia. There is sufficient evidence that iron deficiency anemia and folic acid in pregnancy increases the risk of premature birth and low birth weight, defects of the neural tube, spina bífida.The purpose of this research was to determine the incidence and factores associated with iron deficiency anemia in pregnant patients 36 – 41 weeks gestation who come to the Emergency Maternity Hospital Mariana De Jesúsfrom January 2014 to December 2014, under this presumption diagnosed clinically and valued; a sheet obtained as instruments for data collection thoroughhistory and assessment of additional test.The methodology was cross, descriptive, explanatory, literature, designed, non- experimental, retrospective. Its results allowed to know a higher percentage of 66,67% with moderate anemia and mild anemia lowest percentage in 10,76% in relation to chronological ager as often observed in women aged 20 to 25 years represented 34,66% and lower percentage of 36 – 40 years at 5,33% by source 52% in the marginal área and 12% in rural área, according to parity in reporting a 50,66% the secundigestas patients and 13,33% in multigesta. Although maternal anemia infants born weighing 3100 – 3500 grams representing 42,67% of all cases did not present anemia and height was normal.
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Embarazo, Anemia ferropénica, Atención prenatal, Profilaxis, Recién nacido, Epidemiología descriptiva, Hospital Especializado Mariana de Jesús, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Deficiencia de hierro, Resultante neonatal