Factores de riesgo que inciden en las complicaciones de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica estudio a realizarse en el Hospital Naval Guayaquil período 2013-2014
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
La ERC se compone de elevación de la urea y la creatinina en mayor de tres meses de evolución, se caracteriza por el carácter progresivo, pues se evidencia el aumenta el fósforo y la PTH, desciende el calcio y el hematocrito, hay tendencia a la acidosis metabólica y a la hiperpotasemia.
La pérdida progresiva e irreversible de unidades nefronales, glomérulos reduce el filtrado glomerular, al tiempo que sobrecarga a los glomérulos residuales.
La pérdida de las nefronas correspondientes reduce la síntesis de vitamina D, eritropoyetina y bicarbonato, y aumenta la fibrosis intersticial, reduciendo el tamaño de los riñones.
La clínica resultante de acúmulo de productos tóxicos, de la anemia, la acidosis y la alteración del metabolismo fosfocálcico se conoce como “uremia”.
En nuestro estudio aumento en el numero de ingresos hospitalarios en el 2014 en relación al año 2013, el género masculino resulto ser el más afectado representando el 57.3 % de la población en estudio,
El grupo etario más frecuente de presentación de esta patología como factor de riesgo es entre los 57 - 60 años representando juntos el 12 % , el IMC se encontró entre los límites normales, el valor que más frecuencia y porcentaje se repite es 22.90 Kg/m2.
La raza más afectada en pacientes con ERC son los mestizos con un 47 % de la muestra, seguida de la raza blanca y mulata con 14 % respectivamente.
Se evidencia que la patología con factor de riesgo más importante para desarrollar ERC es la Hipertensión Arterial con un 35 % de los caso seguido de Diabetes mellitus con el 33.3% de los casos, los factores de riesgo si inciden en el aumento de complicaciones reflejado en el aumento de pacientes con ERCT que representa el 35% de la muestra en estudio. La disminución en la calidad de vida según la Escala de Karnofsky: “La actividad normal. Signos y síntomas leve de enfermedad posee la frecuencia y el porcentaje más
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alto con un 35 y 29.9% respectivamente, además el 85.5% presenta anemia y el 17.1% alteraciones del calcio con Osteodistrofia Renal.
The ERC consists of elevation of urea and creatinine in more than three months duration, is characterized by the progressive character as it is evidenced by the increases phosphorus and PTH, down calcium and hematocrit, there is a tendency to acidosis metabolic and hyperkalemia. The progressive and irreversible loss of nephrons, the glomeruli reduce glomerular filtration, while the residual load glomeruli. The corresponding loss of nephrons decreases the synthesis of vitamin D, erythropoietin and bicarbonate and increased interstitial fibrosis, reducing the size of the kidneys. The clinical result of accumulation of toxins, anemia, acidosis and altered mineral metabolism known as "uremia". In our increase in the number of hospital admissions in 2014 compared to the year 2013, study the male gender was the most affected, representing 57.3% of the study population, The most common age group presentation of this disease as a risk factor is between 5760 years representing together 12%, BMI was found within normal limits, the value more frequently and repeats percentage is 22.90 kg / m2 . The breed most affected in patients with CKD are mestizos with 47% of the sample, followed by white and mulatto race with 14% respectively. It is evident that the pathology most important risk factor for developing CKD is high blood pressure with 35% of the cases followed by diabetes mellitus in 33.3% of cases, risk factors affect whether the increase reflected complications the increase in ESRD patients representing 35% of the study sample. The decrease in quality of life according to the Karnofsky scale "Normal activity. Mild signs and symptoms of illness and the frequency has the highest percentage with 35 and VI 29.9% respectively, and 85.5% presented 17.1% anemia and calcium disorders renal osteodystrophy.
The ERC consists of elevation of urea and creatinine in more than three months duration, is characterized by the progressive character as it is evidenced by the increases phosphorus and PTH, down calcium and hematocrit, there is a tendency to acidosis metabolic and hyperkalemia. The progressive and irreversible loss of nephrons, the glomeruli reduce glomerular filtration, while the residual load glomeruli. The corresponding loss of nephrons decreases the synthesis of vitamin D, erythropoietin and bicarbonate and increased interstitial fibrosis, reducing the size of the kidneys. The clinical result of accumulation of toxins, anemia, acidosis and altered mineral metabolism known as "uremia". In our increase in the number of hospital admissions in 2014 compared to the year 2013, study the male gender was the most affected, representing 57.3% of the study population, The most common age group presentation of this disease as a risk factor is between 5760 years representing together 12%, BMI was found within normal limits, the value more frequently and repeats percentage is 22.90 kg / m2 . The breed most affected in patients with CKD are mestizos with 47% of the sample, followed by white and mulatto race with 14% respectively. It is evident that the pathology most important risk factor for developing CKD is high blood pressure with 35% of the cases followed by diabetes mellitus in 33.3% of cases, risk factors affect whether the increase reflected complications the increase in ESRD patients representing 35% of the study sample. The decrease in quality of life according to the Karnofsky scale "Normal activity. Mild signs and symptoms of illness and the frequency has the highest percentage with 35 and VI 29.9% respectively, and 85.5% presented 17.1% anemia and calcium disorders renal osteodystrophy.
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Anemia, Uremia, Enfermedad renal crónica, Hospital Naval Guayaquil, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador