Amenaza de parto pretérmino y factores de riesgo en pacientes del Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor de junio del 2014 a diciembre del 2014
Fecha
2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
El presente estudio es de investigación descriptiva, retrospectiva, de campo y cuantitativa, para determinar a través de los datos estadísticos los factores de riesgo que con mayor frecuencia desencadenan amenaza de parto pretérmino en pacientes del Hospital Gineco – Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor.
Se realizó un estudio de 100 casos de pacientes con Amenaza de Parto Pretérmino en el Hospital Gineco – Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor de Junio del 2014 a Diciembre del 2014.
La información fue obtenida mediante las historias clínicas, la recolección de datos se efectúo con una ficha estructurada y tabulada en Microsoft Excel 2013 obteniendo como resultado:
La madre con mayor riesgo de amenaza de parto pretérmino es: edades 20 – 24 años con 25%, secundigesta con 36%, proveniente de zona urbana central 27%, vive en unión libre 35%, nivel socio-económico bajo, cuya edad gestacional de presentación son a las 35 semanas 28%.
Las patologías asociadas en orden decreciente fueron infecciones del tracto genital 20 %, anemia 19 %, ruptura prematura de membranas 18 %, infección de vías urinaria 16%, antecedente previo de parto pretérmino 16%, preeclampsia 11 %.
Concluimos que la variedad de factores asociados a amenaza de parto pretérmino tienen una implicación socio- económica y cultural intrínseca.
Es preciso mejorar acciones de atención primaria de salud como el control prenatal y categorizar los embarazos para un seguimiento adecuado y priorizar estableciendo referencia y contrareferencia de acuerdo a las necesidades de cada paciente.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Amenaza de parto pretérmino, factores de riesgo, parto pretérmino.
The present study is a descriptive, retrospective, field and quantitative research to determine, using statistical data, the risk factors that most frequently trigger the threat of preterm delivery in patients at the Enrique C. Sotomayor Gynecological and Obstetric Hospital. A study of 100 cases of patients with Threat of Preterm Delivery was carried out at the Enrique C. Sotomayor Gyneco-Obstetric Hospital from June 2014 to December 2014. The information was obtained through the medical records, the data collection was carried out with a structured and tabulated file in Microsoft Excel 2013 obtaining as a result: The mother with the highest risk of threatened preterm labor is: ages 20-24 with 25%, second mother with 36%, from the central urban area 27%, lives in a 35% free union, low socio-economic level, whose gestational age of presentation are at 35 weeks 28%. The associated pathologies in decreasing order were genital tract infections 20%, anemia 19%, premature rupture of membranes 18%, urinary tract infection 16%, previous history of preterm delivery 16%, preeclampsia 11%. We conclude that the variety of factors associated with the threat of preterm delivery have an intrinsic socio-economic and cultural implication. It is necessary to improve primary health care actions such as prenatal control and categorize pregnancies for adequate follow-up and prioritize establishing reference and counter-reference according to the needs of each patient. KEY WORDS: Threat of preterm delivery, risk factors, preterm delivery.
The present study is a descriptive, retrospective, field and quantitative research to determine, using statistical data, the risk factors that most frequently trigger the threat of preterm delivery in patients at the Enrique C. Sotomayor Gynecological and Obstetric Hospital. A study of 100 cases of patients with Threat of Preterm Delivery was carried out at the Enrique C. Sotomayor Gyneco-Obstetric Hospital from June 2014 to December 2014. The information was obtained through the medical records, the data collection was carried out with a structured and tabulated file in Microsoft Excel 2013 obtaining as a result: The mother with the highest risk of threatened preterm labor is: ages 20-24 with 25%, second mother with 36%, from the central urban area 27%, lives in a 35% free union, low socio-economic level, whose gestational age of presentation are at 35 weeks 28%. The associated pathologies in decreasing order were genital tract infections 20%, anemia 19%, premature rupture of membranes 18%, urinary tract infection 16%, previous history of preterm delivery 16%, preeclampsia 11%. We conclude that the variety of factors associated with the threat of preterm delivery have an intrinsic socio-economic and cultural implication. It is necessary to improve primary health care actions such as prenatal control and categorize pregnancies for adequate follow-up and prioritize establishing reference and counter-reference according to the needs of each patient. KEY WORDS: Threat of preterm delivery, risk factors, preterm delivery.
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Amenaza de parto prematuro, Epidemiología descriptiva, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador