Factores de riesgo e incidencia del VIH en niños expuestos de madres seropositivas: estudio a realizar en el Hospital de la Maternidad Mariana de Jesús durante el año 2014.
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
El VIH/SIDA afecta cada vez más a las mujeres, lo que aumenta la posibilidad de
transmisión perinatal. La detección temprana del VIH mediante el acceso a la consejería y
prueba voluntaria durante el control prenatal facilitan el tratamiento anti-retroviral oportuno
que disminuye la transmisión durante el embarazo y el parto, y en el puerperio, asociado a
la lactancia materna. En la presente revisión se estudiaran los factores de riesgos y la
incidencia de niños expuesto al VIH de madres seropositivas. La aplicación de un protocolo
integral de atención facilita la disminución de la transmisión a niveles menores de 2%.
El riesgo de transmitir el VIH al recién nacido es muy bajo si la madre o gestante toma
todas mas medidas necesarias las cuales se indican siempre en cada consulta medica y
cuando se les manda a consulta con psicología. Buscar y procurar la administración de
fármacos ARV durante el embarazo, al momento del nacimiento y al recién nacido,
realización de cesárea electiva según valoración Obstétrica, aconsejar la NO
administración de lactancia materna, asegurando una adecuada lactancia artificial.
Sensibilizar a la población con el lema “NO MAS NIÑOS CON SIDA VAMOS AL CERO (0) %”
Resultado: Durante el periodo estudiado tenemos un total de mujeres embarazas
seropositivas de 127, algunas mujeres desconocen su diagnostico y por ende son captadas
tardíamente 17%, otras ya son diagnosticas antes de entrar en gestación 83%. Dentro de los
niños expuestos tenemos de 127 total, de los cuales 95% son aparentemente sanos, El 4%
seropositivos son resultados por la captación tardía, por los tratamientos interrumpidos y
por la mala adherencia o por que hay resistencia al tratamiento donde influyen el fenotipo
o genotipo de la gestante, en conjunto con el estilo de vida, las costumbres. Analizar si
recibieron lactancia materna, algo un poco difícil. Aparte contamos con 1% de niños que
no llegaron a término.
VIH / Sida are increasingly affecting women, which increases the possibility of perinatal transmission. Early detection of VIH through access to voluntary counseling and testing during antenatal facilitate the timely anti-retroviral treatment that reduces transmission during pregnancy and childbirth, and the postpartum period associated with breastfeeding. In this review the risk factors and the incidence of children exposed to VIH positive mothers were studied. The implementation of a comprehensive treatment protocol facilitates transmission decreased to levels below 2%. Keywords: VIH, vertical transmission, exposed children. the risk of transmitting VIH to the newborn is very low if the mother or pregnant take all necessary measures but which are always indicated at each visit and when commanded to consultation with psychology. Search and ensure the administration of ARV drugs during pregnancy, at birth and newborn, performing elective caesarean section Obstetric assessment, advise the administration NOT breastfeeding, ensuring adequate artificial feeding. Raising public awareness with the slogan "Not MORE CHILDREN WITH AIDS GO TO ZERO (0) %" Results: During the study period we have a total of 127 HIV-positive pregnant women, some women are unaware of their diagnosis and thus are belatedly captured 17%, others are already diagnostic before entering pregnancy 83%. Among children exposed have 127 total, of which 95% are apparently healthy 4% are seropositive for late uptake results for the interrupted treatment and poor adherence or because there is resistance to treatment which influence the phenotype or genotype of the mother, together with the lifestyle, customs. Analyze if they were breastfed, something a bit difficult. Besides we have 1% of children who did not come to term.
VIH / Sida are increasingly affecting women, which increases the possibility of perinatal transmission. Early detection of VIH through access to voluntary counseling and testing during antenatal facilitate the timely anti-retroviral treatment that reduces transmission during pregnancy and childbirth, and the postpartum period associated with breastfeeding. In this review the risk factors and the incidence of children exposed to VIH positive mothers were studied. The implementation of a comprehensive treatment protocol facilitates transmission decreased to levels below 2%. Keywords: VIH, vertical transmission, exposed children. the risk of transmitting VIH to the newborn is very low if the mother or pregnant take all necessary measures but which are always indicated at each visit and when commanded to consultation with psychology. Search and ensure the administration of ARV drugs during pregnancy, at birth and newborn, performing elective caesarean section Obstetric assessment, advise the administration NOT breastfeeding, ensuring adequate artificial feeding. Raising public awareness with the slogan "Not MORE CHILDREN WITH AIDS GO TO ZERO (0) %" Results: During the study period we have a total of 127 HIV-positive pregnant women, some women are unaware of their diagnosis and thus are belatedly captured 17%, others are already diagnostic before entering pregnancy 83%. Among children exposed have 127 total, of which 95% are apparently healthy 4% are seropositive for late uptake results for the interrupted treatment and poor adherence or because there is resistance to treatment which influence the phenotype or genotype of the mother, together with the lifestyle, customs. Analyze if they were breastfed, something a bit difficult. Besides we have 1% of children who did not come to term.
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Recién nacido, Embarazo, Virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, Hospital Especializado Mariana de Jesús, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Enfermedades transmisibles