Factores de riesgo de hernia inguinal y complicaciones en pacientes pediátricos de la consulta externa del Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil durante el periodo 2013-2014.
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
Las hernias inguinales son patologías frecuentes a nivel pediátrico, que tienden a manifestarse clínicamente en el primer año de vida. Este trabajo de investigación es un estudio retrospectivo que nos permite constatar cuales son los principales factores de riesgo y sus complicaciones que aqueja a la edad pediátrica y que han sido atendidos en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, para transferir y actualizar información de esta patología de gran demanda, obteniendo un índice de menor complicaciones. Las enfermedades adicionales concurrentes incrementan la incidencia de hernias y el riesgo de recurrencias después de la reparación, hay que tener presente que en esta patología el factor congénito desempeña un papel importante. La complicación más usual es la estrangulación o incarcelación; La finalidad de este estudio es poder implementar formas de evaluación de la severidad de la enfermedad y la calidad de vida que ayuden a establecer el manejo adecuado con su resultado terapéutico brindando bienestar para los pacientes con esta enfermedad.
Para concluir, se pudo establecer que la prematuridad es el principal factor de riesgo, encontrándose como antecedente en 35 pacientes estudiados en el periodo de tiempo correspondiente, seguido de defectos de la pared abdominal presente en 18 pacientes, además de los 128 pacientes estudiados, 40 de ellos no presentaron factores de riesgo. Las hernias son más comunes en niñas en un 56% y en niños 44%, el grupo etario más afectado son los lactantes mayores con 37 casos (29%), preescolares 27 casos (21%), escolares 25 casos (19%), lactante menor 22 casos (17%) prepuber 11 casos (9%) y puber 6 casos (5%). La presentación de hernia más común es la inguinal derecha presente en 73 pacientes con 57%; solo 5% de los pacientes presento incarcelación como complicación, mientras que 121 pacientes 95% no presentaron complicaciones, luego de realizar los procedimientos correspondientes 120 pacientes (94%) no presentaron complicaciones postquirúrgicas, mientras que en 5 pacientes la hernia recidivó, y en 3 la herida se infectó.
Inguinal hernias are common pediatric pathologies level, they tend to manifest clinically in the first year of life. This research is a retrospective study that enables us to ascertain which are the major risk factors and complications afflicting the pediatric age and who have been treated at the University Hospital of Guayaquil, to transfer and update information on this topic of great demand, resulting in a lower rate of complications. Additional concurrent illnesses increase the incidence of hernias and the risk of recurrence after repair, it must be remembered that this pathology congenital factor plays an important role. The most common complication is strangulation or incarcelación; the purpose of this study is to implement ways of assessing the severity of the disease and quality of life to help establish treatment with Terapeutic providing welfare outcome for patients with this disease. In conclusion, it was established that prematurity is the leading risk factor, found as antecedent in 35 patients studied in the corresponding time period, followed by defects in the abdominal wall present in 18 patients, in addition to the 128 patients studied, 40 of them they showed no risk factors. Hernias are more common in girls by 56% and 44% in children, the most affect age group are older infants with 37 cases (29%), preschool 27 cases (21%), school 25 cases (19%), young infant 22 cases (17%) prepubertal 11 cases (9%) and puber 6 cases (5%). The most common presentation is the right inguinal hernia in 73 patients with 57%; only 5% of patients present incarcelación as a complication, while 121 patients 95% had no complications after the procedures performed 120 patients (94%) had no postoperative complications, whereas in 5 patients the hernia recurred, and in 3 the wound became infected.
Inguinal hernias are common pediatric pathologies level, they tend to manifest clinically in the first year of life. This research is a retrospective study that enables us to ascertain which are the major risk factors and complications afflicting the pediatric age and who have been treated at the University Hospital of Guayaquil, to transfer and update information on this topic of great demand, resulting in a lower rate of complications. Additional concurrent illnesses increase the incidence of hernias and the risk of recurrence after repair, it must be remembered that this pathology congenital factor plays an important role. The most common complication is strangulation or incarcelación; the purpose of this study is to implement ways of assessing the severity of the disease and quality of life to help establish treatment with Terapeutic providing welfare outcome for patients with this disease. In conclusion, it was established that prematurity is the leading risk factor, found as antecedent in 35 patients studied in the corresponding time period, followed by defects in the abdominal wall present in 18 patients, in addition to the 128 patients studied, 40 of them they showed no risk factors. Hernias are more common in girls by 56% and 44% in children, the most affect age group are older infants with 37 cases (29%), preschool 27 cases (21%), school 25 cases (19%), young infant 22 cases (17%) prepubertal 11 cases (9%) and puber 6 cases (5%). The most common presentation is the right inguinal hernia in 73 patients with 57%; only 5% of patients present incarcelación as a complication, while 121 patients 95% had no complications after the procedures performed 120 patients (94%) had no postoperative complications, whereas in 5 patients the hernia recurred, and in 3 the wound became infected.
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Hernia inguinal, Estudio retrospectivo, Factores de riesgo, Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Pediatría