Incidencia de los embarazos no deseados y determinación de las causas biopsicosociales
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2013
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Obstetricia
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó para conocer la incidencia de los
embarazos no deseados en mujeres en edad fértil y determinar sus causas. En la
actualidad es la problemática de la sociedad, sus causas se enfatizan en: falla de los
métodos anticonceptivos, no tener acceso oportuno a los mismos, desconocimiento de
planificación familiar. El Objetivo principal se basó en conocer las causas
biopsicosociales actuales y revertirlas mediante protocolos de medidas preventivas
para evitar un embarazo no deseado. Se realizó un estudio cualicuantitativo, donde se
formuló 5 interrogantes y revisión de 75 historias clínicas para la recolección de la
información. Se entrevistó a 75 pacientes en edad reproductiva entre mujeres adultas y
adolescentes. Los principales resultados que se encontró es que la edad más frecuente
de mujeres gestantes atendidas en la maternidad es entre 16 -19 años (53.33%), el 64 %
estado civil de unión libre, el 60 % la escolaridad nivel primaria, el 60% viven en el
Guasmo sur, la ocupación de ama de casa 61.33%, edad de la menarquía mujeres de 10
- 12 años (53.33%) , uso de métodos anticonceptivos el 64 % , el 72 % edad de la
primera relación sexual 13 – 15, el 50.66% numero de gestas 1, el 41.33% terminación
del embarazo en parto, el 68% embarazo no planeado, el 57.33 % no utilizaron de
métodos anticonceptivo para evitar embarazo, el 40 % método anticonceptivo usado
hormonal, el 38.67 % desconocimiento de anticoncepción, el 45.33% problemas
ocasionados en embarazo no deseado por familiares, el 78.67 % necesitaban recibir
charlas educativas de prevención. En la propuesta se creó un protocolo de medidas
preventivas para evitar un embarazo no deseado que disminuya su incidencia en
mujeres en edad fértil. Se concluyó que la mayoría de mujeres tenían un embarazo no
deseado por diversas causas, la principal es el desconocimiento sobre salud sexual y
reproductiva. Ocurre en forma general en mujeres adultas como en adolescentes, pero
estas últimas son el grupo más vulnerable lo que puede ocasionar consecuencias
negativas no solo en ella sino también para la nueva vida humana.
This research was carried out to find out the incidence of unwanted pregnancy in women of childbearing age to determine its causes. These days, it is a big social concern and among its causes, we can mention: failure of contraceptives, lack of opportune access to them and unawareness of family planning methods. The main goal is to learn the bio-psychosocial causes and find a solution to this problem by taking prevention actions in order to avoid unwanted pregnancy. A qualitativequantitative study was carried out and such study consisted of five questions and the information of the clinical records of seventy-five patients of childbearing age was also collected. Adult women and teenagers were chosen for the study. The most important findings were that most women being attended in maternity clinics were between 16 and 19 years old (53.33%). 64% of them were living in common-lawmarriage. 60% only completed primary school education. 60% lived at Guasmo Sur. 61.33 were housewives. were of menarche age. 64% used had a birth control plan. 53.33% were between the ages of 10 and 12. 72% had their first sexual encounter between the ages of 13 and 15 (50.66% )had been pregnant only once. 41.33% gave birth naturally. 68% had unwanted pregnancy. 57.33% used a contraceptive method. 40% used a hormonal contraceptive method. 38.67% had unwanted pregnancy for unawareness of birth control plans. 45.33% had family problems for unwanted pregnancy and 78.67% needed to attend informative conferences for prevention. A protocol of preventive policies was created in the proposal to avoid unwanted pregnancy and its influence in women of childbearing age. It was concluded that most women were going through unwanted pregnancy for different reasons, mostly it was because of unawareness of sexual and reproductive health. Generally, it happens to adult and teenager women, but young girls are the most vulnerable ones which can bring negative consequences not only for them as women, but also for the babies coming.
This research was carried out to find out the incidence of unwanted pregnancy in women of childbearing age to determine its causes. These days, it is a big social concern and among its causes, we can mention: failure of contraceptives, lack of opportune access to them and unawareness of family planning methods. The main goal is to learn the bio-psychosocial causes and find a solution to this problem by taking prevention actions in order to avoid unwanted pregnancy. A qualitativequantitative study was carried out and such study consisted of five questions and the information of the clinical records of seventy-five patients of childbearing age was also collected. Adult women and teenagers were chosen for the study. The most important findings were that most women being attended in maternity clinics were between 16 and 19 years old (53.33%). 64% of them were living in common-lawmarriage. 60% only completed primary school education. 60% lived at Guasmo Sur. 61.33 were housewives. were of menarche age. 64% used had a birth control plan. 53.33% were between the ages of 10 and 12. 72% had their first sexual encounter between the ages of 13 and 15 (50.66% )had been pregnant only once. 41.33% gave birth naturally. 68% had unwanted pregnancy. 57.33% used a contraceptive method. 40% used a hormonal contraceptive method. 38.67% had unwanted pregnancy for unawareness of birth control plans. 45.33% had family problems for unwanted pregnancy and 78.67% needed to attend informative conferences for prevention. A protocol of preventive policies was created in the proposal to avoid unwanted pregnancy and its influence in women of childbearing age. It was concluded that most women were going through unwanted pregnancy for different reasons, mostly it was because of unawareness of sexual and reproductive health. Generally, it happens to adult and teenager women, but young girls are the most vulnerable ones which can bring negative consequences not only for them as women, but also for the babies coming.
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Embarazo no deseado, Anticonceptivos, Salud sexual y reproductiva, Planificación familiar, Hospital Materno Infantil Dra. Matilde Hidalgo de Procel, Canton Guayaquil, Ecuador