Incidencia de rinitis alérgica con relación a la exposición de material particulado emitido por los billetes en el área de especies monetarias del Banco Central del Ecuador.
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2014-07-04
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Higiene Industrial y Salud Ocupacional.
Resumen
Al realizar la ficha médica periódica de los trabajadores de Especie Monetaria del Banco Central del Ecuador se observó una alta incidencia de Rinitis Alérgica, confirmada mediante el examen físico-clínico y la determinación cuantitativa de Inmunoglobulina E (IgE) en suero. Con los resultados antes mencionados se determinó que de 42 pacientes estudiados 16 pacientes presentaron rinitis alérgica, de los cuales 11 trabajadores tenían hipersensibilidad y 5 sin hipersensibilidad, representando el 38.09% de la población total del área, lo que nos llevó a investigar las causas de la elevada incidencia de dicha patología.
A continuación se identificaron y evaluaron los factores de riesgo mediante los métodos cualitativos de la INSHT (Matriz 3x3) y ACGIH (Matriz para evaluar los riesgos de enfermedades profesionales) los que determinaron que el riesgo químico es el más relevante y específicamente el material particulado emitido por los billetes. Este riesgo químico importante encontrado fue comprobado con el método cuantitativo de medición para polvo respirable y polvo total. En esta medición se utilizaron los valores permisible para polvo de billetes que corresponde a la celulosa, de 5 mg/m3 según la OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) para polvo respirable y 15 mg/m3 según la tabla de TLVs (Threshol limit value) para polvo total. Es importante mencionar que durante la investigación se realizaron pruebas cuantitativas para demostrar la presencia de virus, hongos y bacterias, con resultados por encima de los valores referenciales, confirmando la presencia de riesgo biológico evidente, como resultado de la coexistencia entre el material particulado y los microorganismos. Otra medición utilizada, mediante un Espiromonitor, es el volumen de espiración forzada al segundo y a los cinco segundos, con la finalidad de determinar alguna complicación respiratoria producto de la exposición a material particulado, tales como el asma o la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC). Como resultado de esta medición se pudo diagnosticar 2 casos de asma. Una vez que se confirmó la elevada incidencia de rinitis alérgica y se la relaciono con la presencia material particulado emitido por los billetes del área de Especies Monetarias, se propuso una serie de mejoras en la gestión en seguridad y salud de forma general que involucra a toda la institución.
When performing routine medical record workers Species Monetary Central Bank of Ecuador a high incidence of allergic rhinitis, confirmed by physical examination and clinical-quantitative determination of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) in serum was observed. With the above results it was determined that 42 patients studied, 16 patients had allergic rhinitis, of which 11 workers had no hypersensitivity hypersensitivity to 5, representing 38.09% of the total population of the area, which led us to investigate the causes of the high incidence of this pathology. They were then identified and assessed risk factors through qualitative methods ACGIH TLV (matrix 3x3) and ACGIH (Matrix to assess the risks of occupational diseases) which determined that the chemical risk is the most relevant and specifically particulate matter emitted for tickets. This important chemical risk found was tested with quantitative measurement method for total dust and respirable dust. In this measurement the allowable values for dust tickets corresponding to the cellulose, 5 mg / m3 according to OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) for respirable dust and 15 mg / m3 per table TLVs (Threshol limit value used ) Total dust. It is noteworthy that during the investigation quantitative tests were performed to demonstrate the presence of viruses, fungi and bacteria, with results above the reference values, confirming the presence of obvious biological risk as a result of the coexistence of particulate matter and microorganisms. Another measure used by a Espiromonitor, is the volume of the second forced expiratory and five seconds, in order to determine a respiratory complication from exposure to particulate matter, such as asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) . As a result of this measurement is 2 could diagnose asthma. Once the high incidence of allergic rhinitis was confirmed and I relate to the presence of particulate matter emitted by airplane Monetary Species area, a number of improvements in health and safety management generally proposed that involves all the institution.
When performing routine medical record workers Species Monetary Central Bank of Ecuador a high incidence of allergic rhinitis, confirmed by physical examination and clinical-quantitative determination of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) in serum was observed. With the above results it was determined that 42 patients studied, 16 patients had allergic rhinitis, of which 11 workers had no hypersensitivity hypersensitivity to 5, representing 38.09% of the total population of the area, which led us to investigate the causes of the high incidence of this pathology. They were then identified and assessed risk factors through qualitative methods ACGIH TLV (matrix 3x3) and ACGIH (Matrix to assess the risks of occupational diseases) which determined that the chemical risk is the most relevant and specifically particulate matter emitted for tickets. This important chemical risk found was tested with quantitative measurement method for total dust and respirable dust. In this measurement the allowable values for dust tickets corresponding to the cellulose, 5 mg / m3 according to OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) for respirable dust and 15 mg / m3 per table TLVs (Threshol limit value used ) Total dust. It is noteworthy that during the investigation quantitative tests were performed to demonstrate the presence of viruses, fungi and bacteria, with results above the reference values, confirming the presence of obvious biological risk as a result of the coexistence of particulate matter and microorganisms. Another measure used by a Espiromonitor, is the volume of the second forced expiratory and five seconds, in order to determine a respiratory complication from exposure to particulate matter, such as asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) . As a result of this measurement is 2 could diagnose asthma. Once the high incidence of allergic rhinitis was confirmed and I relate to the presence of particulate matter emitted by airplane Monetary Species area, a number of improvements in health and safety management generally proposed that involves all the institution.
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Palabras clave
SEGURIDAD, HIGIENE INDUSTRIAL Y SALUD OCUPACIONAL, MATERIAL PARTICULADO, ESPECIES MONETARIAS, RINITIS ALÉRGICA