Síndrome de abstinencia neonatal en hijos de adolescentes consumidoras atendidas en el Hospital Especializado Mariana de Jesús
Fecha
2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Obstetricia
Resumen
El síndrome de abstinencia neonatal lo definen como un conjunto de síntomas que
experimenta el neonato tras la retirada de drogas que causan adicción. Actualmente el
consumo de sustancias de abuso es uno de los problemas sanitarios más importantes de
nuestra sociedad; que se liga a la falta de educación de las mujeres gestantes, junto a un bajo
nivel socioeconómico y embarazo a temprana edad, conforman las principales etiologías
sociales que promueven el uso de sustancias ilícitas durante el embarazo y posteriores
complicaciones del recién nacido. El embarazo durante la adolescencia es considerado por la
OMS como de riesgo todo esto implica en salud de la madre y del producto además de las
secuelas psicosociales, particularmente sobre el proyecto de vida de las adolescentes. El
consumo de drogas por parte de las mujeres embarazadas adolescentes es una situación
relativamente frecuente que ocasiona alteraciones psicosociales con repercusiones clínicas
graves para el neonato. Se estima que 1 de cada 10 neonatos puede haber estado expuesto a
drogas durante el periodo intrauterino. Este estudio de carácter observacional y descriptivo,
recolecto los datos de las mujeres adolescentes que desarrollaron, de la población estudiada el
42,2 % presento cuadro clínico compatible con síndrome de abstinencia neonatal, vivir en
zonas rurales y urbano marginales, y esto asociado a un nivel socio económico bajo se
determinaron como factores de riesgo asociados a la presencia de SAN.
Neonatal withdrawal syndrome is defined as a set of symptoms experienced by the neonate following the withdrawal of drugs that cause addiction. Currently the consumption of substances of abuse is one of the most important health problems of our society; which is linked to the lack of education of pregnant women, coupled with low socioeconomic status and early pregnancy, make up the main social etiologies that promote the use of illicit substances during pregnancy and subsequent complications of the newborn. Pregnancy during adolescence is considered by the WHO as a risk. All of this implies maternal and product health as well as psychosocial sequelae, particularly on the project of adolescent life. The use of drugs by adolescent pregnant women is a relatively frequent situation that causes psychosocial alterations with serious clinical repercussions for the neonate. It is estimated that 1 in 10 neonates may have been exposed to drugs during the intrauterine period. This observational and descriptive study, collected data from the adolescent women who developed, 42.2% of the population studied presented a clinical picture compatible with neonatal abstinence syndrome, living in rural and marginal urban areas, and this associated with a Low socioeconomic level were determined as risk factors associated with the presence of SAN.
Neonatal withdrawal syndrome is defined as a set of symptoms experienced by the neonate following the withdrawal of drugs that cause addiction. Currently the consumption of substances of abuse is one of the most important health problems of our society; which is linked to the lack of education of pregnant women, coupled with low socioeconomic status and early pregnancy, make up the main social etiologies that promote the use of illicit substances during pregnancy and subsequent complications of the newborn. Pregnancy during adolescence is considered by the WHO as a risk. All of this implies maternal and product health as well as psychosocial sequelae, particularly on the project of adolescent life. The use of drugs by adolescent pregnant women is a relatively frequent situation that causes psychosocial alterations with serious clinical repercussions for the neonate. It is estimated that 1 in 10 neonates may have been exposed to drugs during the intrauterine period. This observational and descriptive study, collected data from the adolescent women who developed, 42.2% of the population studied presented a clinical picture compatible with neonatal abstinence syndrome, living in rural and marginal urban areas, and this associated with a Low socioeconomic level were determined as risk factors associated with the presence of SAN.
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Palabras clave
Síndrome de abstinencia neonatal, Embarazo en adolescencia, Consumo de drogas, Epidemiología descriptiva, Hospital Especializado Mariana de Jesús, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Recién nacido