Análisis comparativo entre el parto horizontal y vertical en mujeres gestantes de edades de 17 - 40 años que son atendidas en el Hospital Especializado Mariana de Jesús desde agosto del 2016 hasta febrero del 2017
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2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Obstetricia
Resumen
A lo largo de la historia de la humanidad la mujer naturalmente optaba por parir en
diferentes variantes de la posición vertical constituyendo una práctica milenaria de las
culturas ancestrales, pero posterior a su institucionalización se difundió la atención del parto
en posición horizontal, ya que permite al personal médico u obstétrico un mejor acceso al
canal del parto. El diseño de esta investigación se basa en un estudio transversal
observacional prospectivo, incluye datos estadísticos cuyo parto fue atendido en el mes de
agosto del 2016 hasta febrero del 2017 en el Hospital Especializado Mariana de Jesús, con el
objetivo de establecer un análisis comparativo entre el parto vertical y el parto horizontal
basado en experiencias, analizando cuál de estos dos métodos es más beneficioso para un
parto.Se obtuvo un universo de 2.338 casos de partos en el periodo antes detallado de los
cuales el 66% fueron partos verticales (1.543 pacientes) y el 34% fueron partos horizontales
(795 pacientes). De acuerdo a la muestra tomada de 100 pacientes se obtuvo como resultado
un 70% de partos verticales demostrando el incremento al número de partos horizontales que
representa el 30%. Además se demostró que en el parto vertical se produjo un 18% de
desgarros con relación al parto horizontal en un 23% y el 59% restante presentaron
laceraciones. También se diferenciaron los tipos de desgarros, un 13% fueron de labios
menores en el parto vertical y un 16% fueron perineales en el parto horizontal. De acuerdo a
los resultados obtenidos se concluye que el parto vertical tiene mayor beneficio y menor
grado de complejidad a diferencia del parto horizontal.
Throughout the history of the humanity the woman naturally chose to give birth in different variants of the vertical position constituting an age-old practice of the ancestral cultures, but after its institutionalization the attention of the child was diffused in horizontal position, since it allows the Medical or obstetric personnel better access to the birth canal. The design of this research is based on a prospective observational cross-sectional study, which includes statistical data whose delivery was attended in August 2016 to February 2017 at the Mariana de Jesús Specialized Hospital, in order to establish a comparative analysis between the Vertical birth and horizontal birth based on experiences, analyzing which of these two methods is most beneficial for a childbirth. A universe of 2,368 cases of deliveries in the aforementioned period was obtained, of which 66% were vertical deliveries (1,543 patients) and 34% were horizontal deliveries (795 patients). According to the sample taken from 100 patients, 70% of vertical deliveries were obtained, showing the increase in the number of horizontal deliveries, which represents 30%. In addition, it was demonstrated that in vertical birth 18% of tears occurred in relation to the horizontal delivery in 23% and the remaining 59% presented lacerations. The types of tears were also differentiated, 13% were lower lips in vertical delivery and 16% were perineal in horizontal delivery. According to the results obtained, it is concluded that vertical delivery has a greater benefit and a lower degree of complexity than horizontal delivery.
Throughout the history of the humanity the woman naturally chose to give birth in different variants of the vertical position constituting an age-old practice of the ancestral cultures, but after its institutionalization the attention of the child was diffused in horizontal position, since it allows the Medical or obstetric personnel better access to the birth canal. The design of this research is based on a prospective observational cross-sectional study, which includes statistical data whose delivery was attended in August 2016 to February 2017 at the Mariana de Jesús Specialized Hospital, in order to establish a comparative analysis between the Vertical birth and horizontal birth based on experiences, analyzing which of these two methods is most beneficial for a childbirth. A universe of 2,368 cases of deliveries in the aforementioned period was obtained, of which 66% were vertical deliveries (1,543 patients) and 34% were horizontal deliveries (795 patients). According to the sample taken from 100 patients, 70% of vertical deliveries were obtained, showing the increase in the number of horizontal deliveries, which represents 30%. In addition, it was demonstrated that in vertical birth 18% of tears occurred in relation to the horizontal delivery in 23% and the remaining 59% presented lacerations. The types of tears were also differentiated, 13% were lower lips in vertical delivery and 16% were perineal in horizontal delivery. According to the results obtained, it is concluded that vertical delivery has a greater benefit and a lower degree of complexity than horizontal delivery.
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Embarazo, Parto vertical, Parto horizontal, Estudio comparativo, Desgarro perineal, Nulíparas, Multíparas, Hospital Especializado Mariana de Jesús, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador