Detección de contaminación por plomo en el chocolate en polvo de venta en la ciudad de Guayaquil-Ecuador
Fecha
2020-04
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El cacao está propenso a contaminación por metales que pueden encontrase de manera natural o antropogénica, y uno de ellos es el plomo conocido como contaminante altamente toxico en mínimas cantidades y con exposición frecuente. Existen pocos estudios enfocados al plomo dentro del Ecuador y en este estudio se planteó como objetivo analizar la presencia de plomo en el chocolate en polvo, usando como metodología la investigación con la obtención de muestras en puntos estratégicos de la ciudad de Guayaquil, seleccionando las marcas de mayor consumo, donde se utilizó el método de espectrometría de absorción atómica a llama, para conocer la existencia de este metal. Obteniéndose como resultado una concentración <1 mg/kg de plomo en todas las muestras, que no muestran presencia de este metal en chocolate en polvo que se comercializa en la ciudad de Guayaquil, las cuales, al ser comparadas con las normas, se encuentran dentro del límite máximo permisible de la norma Nacional NTE INEN:621:0210 la cual es 1 mg/kg, siendo igual a la norma Internacional de México, mientras que mediante la comparación de normativas internacionales de Australia donde su límite máximo permisible es 0,068 mg/kg y Argentina con 0,4 mg/kg, la concentración de plomo en chocolate en polvo está cumpliendo las normas internacionales mencionadas de cada país.
Cocoa is prone to contamination by metals that can be found naturally or anthropogenic, and one of them is lead known as a highly toxic contaminant in minimal quantities and with frequent exposure. There are few studies focused on lead within Ecuador and this study aimed to analyze the presence of lead in chocolate powder, using as a research methodology the collection of samples in strategic points of the city of Guayaquil, selecting the most consumer brands where the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique was used to learn about the existence of this metal. Obtaining as a result minimum concentrations of <1,0mg/kg of Pb in all samples, which, that do not show the presence of this metal in chocolate powder that is marketed in the city of Guayaquil, which, when compared to the rules, are within the permissible maximum limit of the National standard NTE INEN:621:0210 which is 1 mg/kg, being equal to the International standard of Mexico, while by comparing Australia's international regulations where its allowable maximum limit is 0.068 mg/kg and Argentina with 0.4 mg/kg, the concentration of lead in chocolate powder is complying with the aforementioned international standards of each country.
Cocoa is prone to contamination by metals that can be found naturally or anthropogenic, and one of them is lead known as a highly toxic contaminant in minimal quantities and with frequent exposure. There are few studies focused on lead within Ecuador and this study aimed to analyze the presence of lead in chocolate powder, using as a research methodology the collection of samples in strategic points of the city of Guayaquil, selecting the most consumer brands where the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique was used to learn about the existence of this metal. Obtaining as a result minimum concentrations of <1,0mg/kg of Pb in all samples, which, that do not show the presence of this metal in chocolate powder that is marketed in the city of Guayaquil, which, when compared to the rules, are within the permissible maximum limit of the National standard NTE INEN:621:0210 which is 1 mg/kg, being equal to the International standard of Mexico, while by comparing Australia's international regulations where its allowable maximum limit is 0.068 mg/kg and Argentina with 0.4 mg/kg, the concentration of lead in chocolate powder is complying with the aforementioned international standards of each country.
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CONTAMINACIÓN, CHOCOLATE EN POLVO, METALES PESADOS, PLOMO, COCOA