Desarrollo de un sistema que permita administrar la clase de riesgo de los clientes de la zona sur de Guayaquil con cartera vencida.
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2020-04
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas y Físicas. Carrera de Ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales.
Resumen
El presente trabajo de tesis tiene el objeto de desarrollar un sistema de tipo web, para
realizar la gestión de administración de cartera de clientes de la zona sur de la ciudad de
Guayaquil, la de establecer una clasificación de riesgo que pueden representar aquellos
clientes que se presentan a la empresa a solicitar un crédito, la cartera vencida representa
un activo en riesgo, por la posibilidad de que no pueda ser recuperado, este problema se
da generalmente en micro y medianas empresas, que comúnmente no cuentan con el
suficiente capital para cubrir la falta de liquidez y ésta problemática surge precisamente
cuando una empresa brinda un crédito a un cliente sin el respectivo análisis adecuado, de
las políticas internas de crédito y/o falta de control y vigilancia de la cartera, a pesar de lo
anteriormente descrito, el otorgamiento de créditos hacia nuevos o viejos clientes estimula
las ventas y logra el desarrollo del negocio a mediano o largo plazo, en este sentido el
objetivo de este trabajo es el de tratar de recuperar lo adeudado por los clientes por algún
tipo de financiación por venta, el de minimizar el riesgo de conceder créditos a clientes con
un alto índice de mora, estableciendo una tabla de clasificación de riesgo, aplicando un
algoritmo que automatice la clasificación de un cliente según su riesgo, que administre la
catera vencida, apoyando la información con reportes y poder tomar decisiones pertinentes
en cuanto a cobro de cartera, dichos algoritmos se realizaron teniendo en cuenta los
procedimientos que actualmente la empresa realiza manualmente, utilizando una
metodología de desarrollo ágil como Scrum, que nos permite realizar una correcta
planeación de las tareas y la de contar con la debida retroalimentación del flujo del
desarrollo, un lenguaje de programación como PHP el cual brinda todas las herramientas
para compilar este tipo de herramientas y un gestor de base de datos como MySQL.
The purpose of this thesis work is to develop a web-type system, of client portfolio management in the southern area of the city of Guayaquil, to establish a risk classification that be disposed by those clients who present themselves to the company to request a loan, the past due portfolio represents an at risk asset, due to the possibility that it cannot be recovered, this problem usually occurs in micro and medium-sized companies, which do not have sufficient capital to cover the lack of liquidity and this problem arises specifically when a company provides a loan to a client without the respective adequate analysis, of the internal credit policies and / or lack of control and supervision of the portfolio, to the previously described, the granting of credits towards new or old customers stimulating sales and achieving business development in the medium or long term, in this sense the object of this work is to try to recover what is owed by customers for some type of financing per sale, to minimize the risk of granting loans to customers with a high default rate, establishing a risk classification table, applying a algorithm that automates the classification of a client according to their risk, that manages the expired cash, supporting the information with reports and the power to make decisions related to a portfolio collection, said algorithms will be considered taking into account the procedures that the company manually, using an agile development methodology such as Scrum, which allows us to do a correct planning of the tasks and to have the proper feedback of the development flow, a programming language such as PHP that providing all the tools to compile this kind of tools and one database manager like MySQL.
The purpose of this thesis work is to develop a web-type system, of client portfolio management in the southern area of the city of Guayaquil, to establish a risk classification that be disposed by those clients who present themselves to the company to request a loan, the past due portfolio represents an at risk asset, due to the possibility that it cannot be recovered, this problem usually occurs in micro and medium-sized companies, which do not have sufficient capital to cover the lack of liquidity and this problem arises specifically when a company provides a loan to a client without the respective adequate analysis, of the internal credit policies and / or lack of control and supervision of the portfolio, to the previously described, the granting of credits towards new or old customers stimulating sales and achieving business development in the medium or long term, in this sense the object of this work is to try to recover what is owed by customers for some type of financing per sale, to minimize the risk of granting loans to customers with a high default rate, establishing a risk classification table, applying a algorithm that automates the classification of a client according to their risk, that manages the expired cash, supporting the information with reports and the power to make decisions related to a portfolio collection, said algorithms will be considered taking into account the procedures that the company manually, using an agile development methodology such as Scrum, which allows us to do a correct planning of the tasks and to have the proper feedback of the development flow, a programming language such as PHP that providing all the tools to compile this kind of tools and one database manager like MySQL.
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Palabras clave
Crédito, Riesgo, Cartera, Cobranza, Scrum, Compañía, Credit, Risk, Portfolio, Collections, Scrum, Company