Relación de factores dietéticos y estado nutricional en mujeres embarazadas
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2020
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
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Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal cualitativo en el área de ginecología del Hospital General Babahoyo en un periodo de 5 meses con un total de 61 embarazadas, los criterios de inclusión que se utilizaron fueron gestantes entre 16 a 45años en cualquier trimestre de gestación y de estas se excluyeron a las embarazadas gemelares, triple, con hiperémesis gravídica y fuera de estos rangos de edades. Se evaluó el IMC preconcepcional sea este referido por tablas de control prenatal previas o el peso medido en los casos que llegaron tempranamente al hospital, y su estado nutricional actual mediante medidas antropométricas, tablas de CLAP y ganancia ponderal. Además de la valoración de factores dietéticos como su estilo de vida, hábitos y conductas alimentarias, que se recolectaron en la historia clínica nutricional mediante frecuencia de consumo, recordatorio de 24 horas y frecuencia de actividad física, analizando y comparando cuál de estos factores dietéticos tuvo mayor impacto o relación con su estado nutricional. Discusión: los factores dietéticos de mayor interés siguen siendo los mismos que afectan a la población general desde años anteriores sin embargo se encontró que el estado nutricional con sobrepeso es el que más padece de riesgos durante el embarazo frente a las pacientes obesas y con normopeso ya que sus hábitos y estilo de vida son los menos adecuados. Conclusión: En la malnutrición por exceso los factores dietéticos y la actividad física siguen siendo la primera herramienta de prevención y tratamiento ante este padecimiento.
qualitative cross-sectional study was conducted in the gynecology area of the Babahoyo General Hospital in a period of 5 months with a total of 61 pregnant women, the inclusion criteria that were used were pregnant between 16 and 45 years in any trimester of pregnancy and of these were excluded to the multiple pregnant, with signs of hyperemesis gravidarum and outside these age ranges. Preconceptional BMI was evaluated, whether referred by previous prenatal control tables or the weight measured in cases that arrived became at the hospital, and their current nutritional status through anthropometric measurements, CLAP tables and weight gain. In addition to the assessment of dietary factors such as their lifestyle, habits and eating behaviors, which were collected in the nutritional clinical history through frequency of consumption, 24-hour reminder and frequency of physical activity, analyzing and comparing which of these dietary factors had greater impact or relationship with their nutritional status. Discussion: The dietary factors of greatest interest remain the same that affect the general population since previous years, however, it is found that the nutritional status with overweight is the one that suffers the most risks during pregnancy compared to obese and normal weight patients since their habits and lifestyle that are the least appropriate. Conclusion: In the malnutrition by excess the dietary factors and the physical activity continue being the first tool of prevention and treatment before this ailment.
qualitative cross-sectional study was conducted in the gynecology area of the Babahoyo General Hospital in a period of 5 months with a total of 61 pregnant women, the inclusion criteria that were used were pregnant between 16 and 45 years in any trimester of pregnancy and of these were excluded to the multiple pregnant, with signs of hyperemesis gravidarum and outside these age ranges. Preconceptional BMI was evaluated, whether referred by previous prenatal control tables or the weight measured in cases that arrived became at the hospital, and their current nutritional status through anthropometric measurements, CLAP tables and weight gain. In addition to the assessment of dietary factors such as their lifestyle, habits and eating behaviors, which were collected in the nutritional clinical history through frequency of consumption, 24-hour reminder and frequency of physical activity, analyzing and comparing which of these dietary factors had greater impact or relationship with their nutritional status. Discussion: The dietary factors of greatest interest remain the same that affect the general population since previous years, however, it is found that the nutritional status with overweight is the one that suffers the most risks during pregnancy compared to obese and normal weight patients since their habits and lifestyle that are the least appropriate. Conclusion: In the malnutrition by excess the dietary factors and the physical activity continue being the first tool of prevention and treatment before this ailment.
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Estado nutricional, Consumo de alimentos, Estilo de vida, Obesidad, Mujeres embarazadas, Hospital General Martín Icaza, Cantón Babahoyo, Ecuador, Conducta alimentaria