Drenaje postural y movilización de secreciones en pacientes críticos adultos bajo soporte ventilatorio invasivo, Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Luis Vernaza, enero - junio 2019
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2020
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
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Dentro de las técnicas de fisioterapia respiratoria está el drenaje postural , cuyo principio se basa en el uso de la gravedad y la utilización de diversas posiciones según el segmento lobular pulmonar obstruido a drenar para favorecer el desplazamiento de las secreciones bronquiales hacia las vías aéreas grandes o superiores y que puedan ser eliminadas ya sea mediante la tos o la realización de aspiración de secreciones , al no aplicar drenaje postural condiciona a la acumulación de moco, la obstrucción y aumento de las resistencias de la vía aérea , el incremento del trabajo respiratorio , desequilibrio en la ventilación perfusión , la mala oxigenación y además haciendo que la estancia del paciente bajo ventilación mecánica si es que la tiene sea prolongada . La problemática de mi investigación se da en el Hospital Luis Vernaza en donde se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes de 18 a 65 años que ingresaron a uci y estuvieron bajo soporte ventilatorio invasivo en los meses enero hasta junio del 2019 , obteniendo como resultado una muestra de 60 pacientes , de los cuales 7 fueron las personas que estaban indicados para realizarse la técnica , se valoró los datos obtenidos pre y post maniobra y se obtuvo como resultado que no existe mayor impacto en el mejoramiento de la función respiratoria por ello es necesario usar otras técnicas como por ejemplo la movilización precoz como coadyuvante a la mejoría de la calidad de vida del paciente
Among the techniques of respiratory physiotherapy is postural drainage, the principle of which is based on the use of gravity and the use of various positions depending on the obstructed pulmonary lobular segment to be drained to favor the movement of bronchial secretions into the large airways or superior and that can be eliminated either by coughing or secretion aspiration, by not applying postural drainage conditions the accumulation of mucus, obstruction and increased airway resistance, increased respiratory work, imbalance in perfusion ventilation, poor oxygenation and also making the patient stay under mechanical ventilation if it is prolonged. The problem of my research occurs at the Luis Vernaza Hospital where a retrospective study of patients between 18 and 65 years old who entered the ICU and were under invasive ventilatory support in the months of January to June 2019, obtaining as a result a sample of 60 patients, of which 7 were the people who were indicated to perform the technique, the data obtained before and after the maneuver were evaluated and it was obtained as a result that there is no major impact on the improvement of respiratory function, therefore it is necessary use other techniques such as early mobilization as an adjunct to improving the patient's quality of life.
Among the techniques of respiratory physiotherapy is postural drainage, the principle of which is based on the use of gravity and the use of various positions depending on the obstructed pulmonary lobular segment to be drained to favor the movement of bronchial secretions into the large airways or superior and that can be eliminated either by coughing or secretion aspiration, by not applying postural drainage conditions the accumulation of mucus, obstruction and increased airway resistance, increased respiratory work, imbalance in perfusion ventilation, poor oxygenation and also making the patient stay under mechanical ventilation if it is prolonged. The problem of my research occurs at the Luis Vernaza Hospital where a retrospective study of patients between 18 and 65 years old who entered the ICU and were under invasive ventilatory support in the months of January to June 2019, obtaining as a result a sample of 60 patients, of which 7 were the people who were indicated to perform the technique, the data obtained before and after the maneuver were evaluated and it was obtained as a result that there is no major impact on the improvement of respiratory function, therefore it is necessary use other techniques such as early mobilization as an adjunct to improving the patient's quality of life.
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Drenaje postural, Líquidos y secreciones, Respiración artificial, Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital Luis Vernaza, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador