Identificación de la necesidad de rehabilitación pulmonar fase uno en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en la comunidad
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2020
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
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La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica hace referencia un grupo de enfermedades respiratorias crónicas que causan limitación del flujo aéreo dificultando la respiración, Incluye principalmente el enfisema y la bronquitis crónica. En el Centro de Salud Nº 4 de la ciudad de Guayaquil asisten pacientes con EPOC a realizar actividad física generalizada no orientada a la terapia respiratoria, y sin un enfoque de valoración que permita al profesional identificar potenciales pacientes para rehabilitación pulmonar. Como objetivo de investigación: Se plantea demostrar la eficacia de la aplicación de las pruebas de esfuerzo y test de calidad de vida, estableciendo la necesidad de rehabilitación pulmonar en pacientes con EPOC. En cuanto al tipo de investigación: Se utiliza un enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo, con diseño no experimental y transaccional. Como resultados y conclusiones: Mediante la aplicación del cuestionario clínico del paciente con enfermedad pulmonar crónica (CCQ), se pudo determinar que el 70% de la muestra total selecciona mantienen un regular control de salud, y solo el 10% tiene un buen control de salud; se logró determinar condiciones clínicas y de tolerancia al ejercicio de pacientes con EPOC por medio de prueba de caminata de 6 minutos, Donde se obtuvo que el 40% de los pacientes presentaron un grado de disnea de Borg de 3 – 4 (moderado - algo severo); el 47% de los pacientes reflejaron una escala de fatiga de Borg de 4 (algo duro) y el 43% una escala de 5 ( duro); además en la distancia recorrida el 70 % es decir 21 pacientes recorrieron una distancia entre 250 – 360 metros. Se concluye implementar un programa de rehabilitación pulmonar, con el objetivo de ofrecer un tratamiento que permita fortalecer el estado funcional, mejorar la capacidad del ejercicio, mitigando la sintomatología y previniendo las exacerbaciones del EPOC.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease refers to a group of chronic respiratory diseases that cause airflow limitation making it difficult to breathe. It mainly includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. At the Health Center No. 4 in the city of Guayaquil COPD patients attend to perform general physical activity not oriented to respiratory therapy, and without an assessment approach that allows the professional to identify potential patients for pulmonary rehabilitation. As a research objective: It is proposed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the application of stress tests and quality of life tests, establishing the need for pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD. Regarding the type of research: A qualitative, descriptive approach is used, with a nonexperimental and transactional design. As results and conclusions: By applying the clinical questionnaire of the patient with chronic lung disease (CCQ), it was possible to determine that 70% of the total sample selected maintain regular health control, and only 10% have good control of Health; It was possible to determine clinical conditions and tolerance to exercise of patients with COPD by means of a 6-minute walk test, where it was found that 40% of patients presented a degree of Borg dyspnea of 3-4 (moderate - somewhat severe ); 47% of the patients had a Borg fatigue scale of 4 (somewhat hard) and 43% a scale of 5 (hard); in addition, in the distance traveled, 70%, that is, 21 patients, traveled a distance between 250 - 360 meters. The conclusion is to implement a pulmonary rehabilitation program, with the aim of offering a treatment that allows strengthening the functional state of the patient, improving exercise capacity, mitigating symptoms and preventing exacerbations of COPD.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease refers to a group of chronic respiratory diseases that cause airflow limitation making it difficult to breathe. It mainly includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. At the Health Center No. 4 in the city of Guayaquil COPD patients attend to perform general physical activity not oriented to respiratory therapy, and without an assessment approach that allows the professional to identify potential patients for pulmonary rehabilitation. As a research objective: It is proposed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the application of stress tests and quality of life tests, establishing the need for pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD. Regarding the type of research: A qualitative, descriptive approach is used, with a nonexperimental and transactional design. As results and conclusions: By applying the clinical questionnaire of the patient with chronic lung disease (CCQ), it was possible to determine that 70% of the total sample selected maintain regular health control, and only 10% have good control of Health; It was possible to determine clinical conditions and tolerance to exercise of patients with COPD by means of a 6-minute walk test, where it was found that 40% of patients presented a degree of Borg dyspnea of 3-4 (moderate - somewhat severe ); 47% of the patients had a Borg fatigue scale of 4 (somewhat hard) and 43% a scale of 5 (hard); in addition, in the distance traveled, 70%, that is, 21 patients, traveled a distance between 250 - 360 meters. The conclusion is to implement a pulmonary rehabilitation program, with the aim of offering a treatment that allows strengthening the functional state of the patient, improving exercise capacity, mitigating symptoms and preventing exacerbations of COPD.
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Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, Rehabilitación pulmonar, Ejercicio físico, Prueba de caminata de 6 minutos, Epidemiología descriptiva, Centro de Salud Nº 4, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador