Cálculo de huella hídrica y agua virtual en plantaciones de arroz del cantón Daule, provincia del Guayas
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2020-10
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
La huella hídrica y agua virtual calculada en los cultivos de arroz del cantón Daule, entre tres sectores de producción circunscripta a la junta de riego América – Lomas; para lo cual se realizó la cuantificación del requerimiento hídrico mediante las ecuaciones establecidas en el programa Cropwat 8.0 y la recopilación de variables propias del sistema de cultivo entre épocas. Los resultados determinaron que el rendimiento medio del cultivo fue de 2,36 ton/ha, mientras que a nivel de huella hídrica se obtuvo una media de 7.854 (±1.200) m3/ton; Siendo el sector 3 quien presentó mayor huella hídrica con una media de 2992,26 m3/ton a pesar de poseer menor hectáreaje que el sector 4. Además, el flujo de agua virtual neta de exportación del producto con un valor promedio de 169.070 (± 197.547) m3/año y el sector 4 representó el mayor aporte con 78,1%, estos resultados reflejan una importación neta negativa, es decir pérdida de agua en la localidad. Se concluye que las cantidades de huella hídrica generadas entre los 3 sectores difirieron entre sí en función a la variabilidad estacional local, pero su vez sus valores no dependen del área de extensión en las plantaciones de arroz.
The water footprint and virtual water calculated in rice crops in Daule canton, among three production sectors limited to the irrigation board America - Lomas; for which it was carried out the quantification of water requirement through the equations established in the program Cropwat 8.0 and the collection of variables of the cultivation system between seasons. The results determined that the average yield of the crop was 2.36 ton/ha, while at the level of water footprint an average of 7,854 (±1,200) m3/ton was obtained; being the sector 3 the one that presented the biggest water footprint with an average of 2992.26 m3/ton in spite of having less hectare than the sector 4. In addition, the net virtual water flow for export of the product with an average value of 169,070 (± 197,547) m3/year and sector 4 represented the largest contribution with 78.1%, these results reflect a negative net import, i.e., water loss in the locality. It is concluded that the amounts of water footprint generated among the 3 sectors differed among them according to local seasonal variability, but in turn their values do not depend on the area of extension in the rice plantations.
The water footprint and virtual water calculated in rice crops in Daule canton, among three production sectors limited to the irrigation board America - Lomas; for which it was carried out the quantification of water requirement through the equations established in the program Cropwat 8.0 and the collection of variables of the cultivation system between seasons. The results determined that the average yield of the crop was 2.36 ton/ha, while at the level of water footprint an average of 7,854 (±1,200) m3/ton was obtained; being the sector 3 the one that presented the biggest water footprint with an average of 2992.26 m3/ton in spite of having less hectare than the sector 4. In addition, the net virtual water flow for export of the product with an average value of 169,070 (± 197,547) m3/year and sector 4 represented the largest contribution with 78.1%, these results reflect a negative net import, i.e., water loss in the locality. It is concluded that the amounts of water footprint generated among the 3 sectors differed among them according to local seasonal variability, but in turn their values do not depend on the area of extension in the rice plantations.
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HUELLA HÍDRICA, AGUA VIRTUAL, REQUERIMIENTO HÍDRICO, CONSUMO, CONTAMINACIÓN, RENDIMIENTO DE CULTIVO