Quema de caña de azúcar como factor asociado a síntomas respiratorios en niños del cantón Marcelino Maridueña
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2020
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
Resumen
La contaminación ambiental es en un problema social y sanitario a nivel mundial, principalmente por los procesos donde se queman cultivos para obtención de materia prima, estas actividades otorgan al ambiente partículas altamente nocivas para la salud, como el caso del Cantón Marcelino Maridueña, lugar donde se realiza anualmente la quema de los cultivos de Caña de Azúcar ocasionando caída de ceniza en lugares cercanos a donde convive la población, El efecto de salud más grave son los efectos que causa el inhalar estas partículas constantemente. El objetivo propuesto consistió en valorar si esta actividad agroindustrial es un factor asociado a síntomas respiratorios en los niños, la presente investigación es de tipo transversal, observacional, descriptivo y analítico donde se analizó la situación de los pacientes atendidos en el Centro de Salud Tipo A del Cantón, por medio de una revisión de las historias clínicas, se incluyó una muestra de 207 pacientes entre los 5 a 10 años de edad y se encontró que la patología respiratoria más prevalente en el 2019 fue la Rinofaringitis Aguda, se evidenció por medio de una ficha de recolección de datos que en épocas de quema de caña de azúcar las visitas médicas por síntomas respiratorios aumentan en un 39%. La Rinorrea es el síntoma con mayor incidencia en la muestra de estudio y como conclusión los contaminantes ambientales que produce la quema de caña de azúcar son factores evidentemente asociados a la presencia de síntomas respiratorios que afectan la salud
Environmental pollution has become a social and health problem worldwide, mainly in the processes where crops are burned to obtain raw materials, these activities change the natural structure of the environment, giving the environment highly harmful particles for health, such as the case of the Canton Marcelino Maridueña, a place where the sugar cane crops are burned annually, causing ash fall in places close to where the population lives. The most serious and most common health effect is inhaling these polluting particles constantly. The objective proposed in this study consisted in assessing whether this agro-industrial activity is a factor associated with respiratory symptoms in children, the present investigation is of a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive and analytical type where the situation of the patients treated in the Center of Type A Health of the Marcelino Maridueña Canton, through an exhaustive review of the medical records, a sample of 207 patients between 5 and 10 years of age was included and it was found that the most prevalent respiratory disease in 2019 was Acute Rhinopharyngitis, It was evidenced by means of a data collection sheet that in times of sugarcane burning, medical visits for respiratory symptoms such as Cough, Rhinorrhea and Odynophagia increase by 39% in contrast to the winter and post-winter periods. Rhinorrhea is the symptom with the highest incidence in the study sample, in conclusion the environmental pollutants produced by the burning of sugar cane are factors that are evidently associated based on the results of this investigation and the presence of respiratory symptoms that affect the children's health.
Environmental pollution has become a social and health problem worldwide, mainly in the processes where crops are burned to obtain raw materials, these activities change the natural structure of the environment, giving the environment highly harmful particles for health, such as the case of the Canton Marcelino Maridueña, a place where the sugar cane crops are burned annually, causing ash fall in places close to where the population lives. The most serious and most common health effect is inhaling these polluting particles constantly. The objective proposed in this study consisted in assessing whether this agro-industrial activity is a factor associated with respiratory symptoms in children, the present investigation is of a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive and analytical type where the situation of the patients treated in the Center of Type A Health of the Marcelino Maridueña Canton, through an exhaustive review of the medical records, a sample of 207 patients between 5 and 10 years of age was included and it was found that the most prevalent respiratory disease in 2019 was Acute Rhinopharyngitis, It was evidenced by means of a data collection sheet that in times of sugarcane burning, medical visits for respiratory symptoms such as Cough, Rhinorrhea and Odynophagia increase by 39% in contrast to the winter and post-winter periods. Rhinorrhea is the symptom with the highest incidence in the study sample, in conclusion the environmental pollutants produced by the burning of sugar cane are factors that are evidently associated based on the results of this investigation and the presence of respiratory symptoms that affect the children's health.
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Resfriado común, Saccharum, Contaminación ambiental, Centro de Salud Marcelino Maridueña, Cantón Marcelino Maridueña, Ecuador, Pediatría