ESTILOS DE AFRONTAMIENTO Y SENTIMIENTO DE SOLEDAD EN ADULTOS MAYORES DEL HOGAR SAN JOSÉ, 2019
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2020-06
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Universidad de Guayaquil -Facultad de Ciencias Psicológicas
Resumen
En el contexto ecuatoriano como en las demás partes del mundo, ha aumentado la exceptiva de vida y población de adultos mayores, surgiendo nuevas crisis que afectan la calidad de vida durante esta etapa. Por tanto, el presente análisis de caso tiene como objetivo caracterizar los estilos de afrontamiento y sentimiento de soledad que se presentan con mayor prevalencia en adultos mayores del Hogar San José, ubicado en la ciudad de Guayaquil. Se desarrolló mediante la metodología inductiva, con enfoque cualitativo y estudio descriptivo. La muestra seleccionada fue de cuatro adultas mayores las cuales cumplieron los criterios de inclusión: mayores a 65 años, sin deterioro cognitivo grave, viudas, ingreso voluntario a la institución y con mediana adaptabilidad a la misma. A las que se les aplicó diferentes instrumentos: cuestionario estilos de afrontamiento (CAE), escala ESTE I, registro anecdótico y entrevista a profundidad. Según los resultados los estilos de afrontamiento que utilizan con mayor prevalencia las adultas mayores son: religión y reevaluación positiva. En cuanto al sentimiento de soledad se encontró nivel alto en soledad conyugal. Los resultados permitieron concluir que los adultos mayores necesitan apoyo positivo tanto familiar como social, que faciliten la adaptación a los cambios transcurridos durante la adultez mayor
In the Ecuadorian context, as well as in the rest of the world, there has been an increase in the life expectancy and also a rise in the elderly adult population, surging new crisis that affects the quality of life during this period. Due to this reason, the present case study has as its objective to characterize the coping mechanism and feeling of loneliness that occur with greater prevalence in the elderly adults of the Hogar San José, located in the city of Guayaquil. It was developed through an inductive methodology and as a descriptive study. The selected sample of four elderly adults were selected, of which met the selection criteria: older than 65 years of age, widowed, voluntarily admitted to the institution, and with average self- reliance. To them were applied different instruments: The Coping with Stress Questionnaire (CSQ), the ESTE I scale, anecdotal recordings, and in-depth interviews. Based on the results of this study, the coping strategies most frequently used by elderly adults were: religion and positive reassessment. With respect to feelings of loneliness, this feeling was highest in those experiencing marital solitude. Those results allowed us to conclude that elderly adults need both positive family and social support, that can ease the adaptation to the elapsed changes during older adulthood
In the Ecuadorian context, as well as in the rest of the world, there has been an increase in the life expectancy and also a rise in the elderly adult population, surging new crisis that affects the quality of life during this period. Due to this reason, the present case study has as its objective to characterize the coping mechanism and feeling of loneliness that occur with greater prevalence in the elderly adults of the Hogar San José, located in the city of Guayaquil. It was developed through an inductive methodology and as a descriptive study. The selected sample of four elderly adults were selected, of which met the selection criteria: older than 65 years of age, widowed, voluntarily admitted to the institution, and with average self- reliance. To them were applied different instruments: The Coping with Stress Questionnaire (CSQ), the ESTE I scale, anecdotal recordings, and in-depth interviews. Based on the results of this study, the coping strategies most frequently used by elderly adults were: religion and positive reassessment. With respect to feelings of loneliness, this feeling was highest in those experiencing marital solitude. Those results allowed us to conclude that elderly adults need both positive family and social support, that can ease the adaptation to the elapsed changes during older adulthood
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adulto mayor, envejecimiento, estilo de afrontamiento, sentimiento de soledad