“PERCEPCIÓN DE REDES DE APOYO SOCIAL EN UN GRUPO DE ADULTOS MAYORES DEL SECTOR “MONTE SINAÍ” DE GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR”
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2020-07
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Universidad de Guayaquil -Facultad de Ciencias Psicológicas
Resumen
El bienestar es un concepto que engloba un sinnúmero de influencias y abarca varios factores del ser humano, a nivel físico, psicológico y social. El efecto negativo o positivo que puedan tener estas influencias sobre el individuo resultan muy relevantes, más aún cuando este se encuentra en la adultez tardía. Uno de dichos factores es la percepción de las redes de apoyo social. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo en la Fundación Huerto de los Olivos de la cooperativa “Las Marías” en el sector Monte Sinaí, para el cual un grupo de 12 adultos mayores fueron seleccionados. El objetivo principal fue identificar la percepción de redes de apoyo de los participantes, y contrastarla con supuestos teóricos convencionales de la psicología del desarrollo. El estudio estuvo guiado por la tradición cualitativa de la teoría fundamentada, tuvo un alcance exploratorio-descriptivo y fue de corte transversal. Se recogió datos por medio de guías de observación; un grupo focal; y dos entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas. Los resultados sugieren que habría una estrecha relación entre autopercepción y percepción de la realidad social, categorías que afectan de manera positiva o negativa sobre el bienestar de los adultos mayores. Dichas percepciones estarían mediadas por aspectos referentes al género, cambios generacionales y estatus socioeconómico, entre otras. Además, el apoyo instrumental y emocional serían percibidos como más relevantes que el informativo, mientras que las redes de apoyo más significativas para este grupo serían los amigos y la coordinadora del centro, quien asume un rol “multifuncional”.
Well-being is a concept that encompasses an uncountable amount of influences and covers several human factors at physical, psychological and social levels. The positive or negative effect such influences may have in the individual are highly relevant, even more so in late adulthood. One of these factors is the perception of social support networks. The following work took place at the “Huerto de los Olivos” Foundation for which a group of 12 older adults were selected. The main objective was to identify the perceptions of the support networks from the participants and later contrast them with conventional theoretical assumptions of developmental psychology. This study was guided by the qualitative tradition of the grounded theory, with an exploratory-descriptive scope and a cross-sectional design. Data was collected through observation guides, one focus group and two semi-structured interviews. The results suggest that there would be a connection between auto perception and the perception of social reality, categories that positively or negatively affect older adults’ well-being. These perceptions would be mediated by aspects related to gender, generational gap and socioeconomic status, among others. Further, the instrumental and emotional support would be perceived as more relevant than the informative support, while the most meaningful social network for this group would be their friends and centre coordinator, who assumes a “multifunctional” role
Well-being is a concept that encompasses an uncountable amount of influences and covers several human factors at physical, psychological and social levels. The positive or negative effect such influences may have in the individual are highly relevant, even more so in late adulthood. One of these factors is the perception of social support networks. The following work took place at the “Huerto de los Olivos” Foundation for which a group of 12 older adults were selected. The main objective was to identify the perceptions of the support networks from the participants and later contrast them with conventional theoretical assumptions of developmental psychology. This study was guided by the qualitative tradition of the grounded theory, with an exploratory-descriptive scope and a cross-sectional design. Data was collected through observation guides, one focus group and two semi-structured interviews. The results suggest that there would be a connection between auto perception and the perception of social reality, categories that positively or negatively affect older adults’ well-being. These perceptions would be mediated by aspects related to gender, generational gap and socioeconomic status, among others. Further, the instrumental and emotional support would be perceived as more relevant than the informative support, while the most meaningful social network for this group would be their friends and centre coordinator, who assumes a “multifunctional” role
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Adulto mayor, bienestar, redes de apoyo social, autopercepción, teoría fundamentada