La incidencia de la exportación petrolera en el desarrollo comunitario en la Amazonía ecuatoriana
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2020-04
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Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Universidad de Guayaquil
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La Amazonía y sus comunidades estarían en riesgo debido a las ampliaciones de la frontera petrolera, se han realizado XII rondas licitatorias, donde se otorgaron contratos a empresas transnacionales. El método de investigación tiene enfoque cuali-cuantitativo, se aplicó un método que cubra las necesidades del investigador, así como de las comunidades, haciéndolos partícipes como actores sociales relatores de su convivencia con el mundo. Se realizó el cálculo del IDH no petrolero a nivel provincial, lo que dio la posibilidad de generar una medición comparativa mostrando distorsiones en el cálculo cuando se restan los ingresos petroleros para cada provincia del país. Los resultados del IDH convencional en las provincias de Orellana y Sucumbíos las muestran con un índice en contradicción a sus datos de educación y salud, mismas dimensiones que poseen indicadores muy bajos en comparación con provincias más desarrolladas, pero realizando el cálculo de manera ajustada sin ingresos provenientes de la actividad petrolera, los resultados se muestran contrarios disminuyendo drásticamente. Dentro de los hallazgos teóricos podemos ver que la teoría de Acumulación por Desposesión muestra que los mecanismos de la acumulación originaria se han ido ampliando hasta la actualidad bajo los mismos métodos de fraude y violencia. Se recomienda mirar con otros ojos la realidad a la cual se enfrentan las comunidades amazónicas, en ellas se protege la biodiversidad del mundo. El Estado debe crear soluciones desde las bases comunitarias proponiendo un desarrollo endógeno con valoraciones múltiples en beneficio de decisiones en favor de los pueblos, nacionalidades y naturaleza
The amazon basin and its communities will be at risk due to the expansion of oil extraction. There have been XII oil concessions, where contracts were given to transnational companies. The research method has a diverse focus on various aspects such as health, education, wages etc. A specific calculation method has been applied to meet the researcher’s needs and the needs of the communities involved as well, making them important actors and communicators in their experience of coexisting with the rest of the world. The no oil HDI calculator was applied at a province level, which gives the possibility to create a comparison mediation showing distortions in the calculations when subtracting all oil incomes for each province of the country. The results of the conventional HDI in the provinces of Orellana and Sucumbíos shows a contradicting rate regarding their education and health data, the same dimensions have very low indicators in comparison to more developed provinces but when calculating in an adjusted way without income coming from oil activity, they show a drastic decrease and the opposite result. Within these findings, we can see that the land dispossession shows that the mechanisms of the original accumulation of land has been expanding until this day under mechanisms of fraud and violence. It is of highly importance to focus with another perspective on the reality that the amazon communities are facing, they are protecting the world’s largest biodiverse area in the world. The Ecuadorian state should create solutions based on the communities, their extensive knowledge and propose an endogenous development method with multiple factors in favor of all indigenous nationalities and the environment
The amazon basin and its communities will be at risk due to the expansion of oil extraction. There have been XII oil concessions, where contracts were given to transnational companies. The research method has a diverse focus on various aspects such as health, education, wages etc. A specific calculation method has been applied to meet the researcher’s needs and the needs of the communities involved as well, making them important actors and communicators in their experience of coexisting with the rest of the world. The no oil HDI calculator was applied at a province level, which gives the possibility to create a comparison mediation showing distortions in the calculations when subtracting all oil incomes for each province of the country. The results of the conventional HDI in the provinces of Orellana and Sucumbíos shows a contradicting rate regarding their education and health data, the same dimensions have very low indicators in comparison to more developed provinces but when calculating in an adjusted way without income coming from oil activity, they show a drastic decrease and the opposite result. Within these findings, we can see that the land dispossession shows that the mechanisms of the original accumulation of land has been expanding until this day under mechanisms of fraud and violence. It is of highly importance to focus with another perspective on the reality that the amazon communities are facing, they are protecting the world’s largest biodiverse area in the world. The Ecuadorian state should create solutions based on the communities, their extensive knowledge and propose an endogenous development method with multiple factors in favor of all indigenous nationalities and the environment
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COMUNIDADES INDIGENAS, LICITACIÓN PETROLERA, ACUMULACIÓN POR DESPOSESIÓN, IDH