Justicia Indígena en la Comunidad San Pedro Provincia de Cañar
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2020-10
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Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Jurisprudencia Ciencias Sociales y Políticas
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En la Constitución de la República del Ecuador del año 1998, se plasman preceptos significativos para los pueblos indígenas, tanto por el reconocimiento de sus comunidades, como por los derechos que les otorga el Estado, entre estos derechos, el poder de administrar justicia bajo sus propias concepciones culturales, y en virtud de su cosmovisión ancestral. El compromiso se mantiene cuando se reafirma el esquema jurídico plural en la posterior Constitución de Montecristi del año 2008, teniendo entonces dos jurisdicciones, la jurisdicción ordinaria y la jurisdicción indígena, se evidencia la necesidad de crear leyes que definan los mecanismos a tomar en caso de colisión entre estas jurisdicciones. En la provincia de Cañar, Comunidad San Pedro, se evidencia esta necesidad de ley, y más que aquello la necesidad de una correcta interpretación del texto constitucional, al encontrarse en conflicto los sistemas de justicia ordinaria e indígena, no se logra llegar a un acuerdo, teniendo como consecuencia la judicialización de autoridades indígenas por delitos que implican la presunción de una mala actuación en el ejercicio de sus atribuciones. Este trabajo tiene la finalidad de analizar el conflicto entre el sistema de justicia ordinario y el sistema de justicia indígena, que se suscita en la Comunidad San Pedro, Provincia del Cañar, desde sus antecedentes, hasta la culminación del conflicto con la excarcelación de las autoridades indígenas, además de estudiar los parámetros doctrinales y legales necesarios para comprender el problema en su sentido general.
In the 1998 Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador, significant precepts for indigenous peoples are set forth, both in terms of the recognition of their communities and the rights granted to them by the State. Among these rights is the power to administer justice under their own ideological conceptions, customs, and ancestral traditions, which was later reaffirmed by the 2008 Constitution, The commitment is maintained, and the new scheme of legal plurality reflects the advances of an intercultural and plurinational country. However, assuming this reality entails the commitment of the State to maintain a line of equality with respect to the ordinary justice system, to create laws that consolidate a relationship of harmony and respect, and in the absence of this, conflicts arise in the judicial sphere. In the province of Cañar, in the community of San Pedro, this need for law is evident, and more than that, the need for a correct interpretation of the constitutional text. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the conflict between the systems of justice in Cañar, from its antecedents to the culmination of the conflict with the release of the indigenous authorities, in addition to studying the doctrinal and legal parameters necessary to understand the problem in its general sense.
In the 1998 Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador, significant precepts for indigenous peoples are set forth, both in terms of the recognition of their communities and the rights granted to them by the State. Among these rights is the power to administer justice under their own ideological conceptions, customs, and ancestral traditions, which was later reaffirmed by the 2008 Constitution, The commitment is maintained, and the new scheme of legal plurality reflects the advances of an intercultural and plurinational country. However, assuming this reality entails the commitment of the State to maintain a line of equality with respect to the ordinary justice system, to create laws that consolidate a relationship of harmony and respect, and in the absence of this, conflicts arise in the judicial sphere. In the province of Cañar, in the community of San Pedro, this need for law is evident, and more than that, the need for a correct interpretation of the constitutional text. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the conflict between the systems of justice in Cañar, from its antecedents to the culmination of the conflict with the release of the indigenous authorities, in addition to studying the doctrinal and legal parameters necessary to understand the problem in its general sense.
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JUSTICIA ORDINARIA, JUSTICIA INDÍGENA, PLURALISMO JURÍDICO, CONFLICTO, LEY, COMPETENCIA.