Bronconeumonía en niños menores de 5 años atendidos por Consulta Externa Hospital Universitario, guía educativa para padres
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2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
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El presente estudio se realizó en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil en el periodo enero - diciembre del 2017, en él se estudia el nivel epidemiológico de la bronconeumonía en niños menores de 5 años. Para lo cual se realizó un trabajo de campo, inicialmente a través de la observación para luego hacer una investigación bibliográfica y así sentar las bases del marco teórico de las dos variables objeto de estudio: epidemiología y bronconeumonía. La metodología empleada durante la investigación fue de carácter cuantitativo; siendo la encuesta el instrumento mediante el cual se obtuvieron los datos que permitirán realizar un análisis de los casos de bronconeumonía presentados durante el periodo señalado, cabe señalar que dichas encuestas fueron aplicadas a los padres de familia de los pacientes y a los licenciados en terapia respiratoria del hospital. Entre los resultados obtenidos se encuentra: una elevada incidencia durante la etapa invernal, especialmente en el mes de marzo con el 22,83%; la prevalencia corresponde a un 61% y que la mayoría de casos corresponde a niños menores de 2 años con un 60%. La información y experiencias durante el proceso investigativo, permitió la elaboración de guía educativa para padres, en la que se indica todo lo referente a la bronconeumonía, los signos de alarma respiratorios y los métodos de prevención y control, con lo que se pretende disminuir el ingreso a hospitalización con este diagnóstico y disminuir la incidencia de la bronconeumonía en pacientes menores de 5 años.
The present study was conducted at the University Hospital of Guayaquil in the period January - December 2017, in which the epidemiological level of bronchopneumonia in children under 5 years of age is studied. For this purpose, a fieldwork was carried out, initially through observation, to then make a bibliographical investigation and thus lay the foundations of the theoretical framework of the two variables under study: epidemiology and bronchopneumonia. The methodology used during the investigation was of a quantitative nature; being the survey the instrument through which the data were obtained that will allow an analysis of the cases of bronchopneumonia presented during the period indicated, it should be noted that these surveys were applied to the parents of the patients and to the graduates in respiratory therapy of the hospital. Among the results obtained is: a high incidence during the winter season, especially in the month of March with 22.83%; the prevalence corresponds to 61% and that the majority of cases correspond to children under 2 years old with 60%. The information and experiences during the investigative process allowed for the elaboration of an educational guide for parents, in which everything related to bronchopneumonia, respiratory alarm signs and methods of prevention and control are indicated, with the aim of diminishing the admission to hospitalization with this diagnosis and decrease the incidence of bronchopneumonia in patients under 5 years.
The present study was conducted at the University Hospital of Guayaquil in the period January - December 2017, in which the epidemiological level of bronchopneumonia in children under 5 years of age is studied. For this purpose, a fieldwork was carried out, initially through observation, to then make a bibliographical investigation and thus lay the foundations of the theoretical framework of the two variables under study: epidemiology and bronchopneumonia. The methodology used during the investigation was of a quantitative nature; being the survey the instrument through which the data were obtained that will allow an analysis of the cases of bronchopneumonia presented during the period indicated, it should be noted that these surveys were applied to the parents of the patients and to the graduates in respiratory therapy of the hospital. Among the results obtained is: a high incidence during the winter season, especially in the month of March with 22.83%; the prevalence corresponds to 61% and that the majority of cases correspond to children under 2 years old with 60%. The information and experiences during the investigative process allowed for the elaboration of an educational guide for parents, in which everything related to bronchopneumonia, respiratory alarm signs and methods of prevention and control are indicated, with the aim of diminishing the admission to hospitalization with this diagnosis and decrease the incidence of bronchopneumonia in patients under 5 years.
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BRONCONEUMONIA, PEDIATRIA, CONSULTA EXTERNA HOSPITALARIA, MANUALES DE SALUD, HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO DE GUAYAQUIL, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR, PADRES DE FAMILIA