Evaluación del sistema de tratamiento de lixiviados del relleno sanitario del Cantón Marcelino Maridueña Provincia del Guayas
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2019-09
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Universidad de Guayaquil- Facultad Ciencias Matemáticas y Físicas- Carrera de Ingeniería Civil
Resumen
Con la disposición de los residuos sólidos en un relleno sanitario, se generan líquidos lixiviados que tienen un potencial alto de contaminación. El presente trabajo se basó en la determinación del caudal lixiviados de diseño del sistema de tratamiento, para compararlo con el caudal teórico calculado mediante la generación per cápita de desechos sólidos del cantón Marcelino Maridueña, rediseñando el sistema de drenaje y los componentes de las fases de tratamiento que son cámara séptica, filtro anaerobio de flujo ascendente y piscina de oxidación, aplicando modelos matemáticos de diseño y dimensionamiento.
Se realizó la caracterización física de los lixiviados, para compararlos con la normativa ambiental con el fin de determinar el cumplimiento de los parámetros de cargas orgánica y contaminantes que tienen los lixiviados tratados por el sistema existente.
A partir de la medición de los componentes del sistema de tratamiento se comparó sus características constructivas y de funcionamiento, con las obtenidas en el rediseño para que el sistema tenga un tratamiento teórico eficiente.
Se considera el diseño de un canal de aguas de escorrentías perimetral al relleno sanitario, con el fin de que haya menos generación de líquidos lixiviados por infiltración de aguas lluvias a las celdas que conforman el relleno sanitario.
With the disposal of solid waste in a landfill, leachate liquids are generated that have a high potential for contamination. The present work was based on the determination of the leachate design flow of the treatment system, to compare it with the projected flow through the per capita generation of solid waste from the Marcelino Maridueña canton, redesigning the drainage system and the components of the treatment phases which are septic chamber, anaerobic upstream filter and oxidation pool, applying mathematical design and sizing models. The physical characterization of the leachates was carried out, to compare them with the environmental regulations in order to determine the compliance with the parameters of organic loads and contaminants that have the leachates treated by the existing system. From the measurement of the components of the treatment system, its construction and operating characteristics were compared with those obtained in the redesign so that the system has an efficient theoretical treatment. The design of a perimeter runoff water channel to the landfill is considered, so that there is less generation of leachate liquids by infiltration of rainwater to the cells that make up the landfill.
With the disposal of solid waste in a landfill, leachate liquids are generated that have a high potential for contamination. The present work was based on the determination of the leachate design flow of the treatment system, to compare it with the projected flow through the per capita generation of solid waste from the Marcelino Maridueña canton, redesigning the drainage system and the components of the treatment phases which are septic chamber, anaerobic upstream filter and oxidation pool, applying mathematical design and sizing models. The physical characterization of the leachates was carried out, to compare them with the environmental regulations in order to determine the compliance with the parameters of organic loads and contaminants that have the leachates treated by the existing system. From the measurement of the components of the treatment system, its construction and operating characteristics were compared with those obtained in the redesign so that the system has an efficient theoretical treatment. The design of a perimeter runoff water channel to the landfill is considered, so that there is less generation of leachate liquids by infiltration of rainwater to the cells that make up the landfill.
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Palabras clave
Lixiviados, Evaluacion, Caudal, Drenaje, Tratamiento