Propuesta de planificación territorial de las parroquias Enrique Ponce Luque y Clemente Baquerizo bajo criterios de arquitectura vernácula en el cantón de Babahoyo, Ecuador.
Fecha
2020-10
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Universidad de Guayaquil: Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo
Resumen
El presente estudio pretende desarrollar una propuesta de planificación territorial para las
dos parroquias urbanas emblemáticas del Cantón Babahoyo como lo son Enrique Ponce
Luque y Clemente Baquerizo, teniendo como finalidad la recuperación de sus técnicas
ancestrales de construcción conformadas por los criterios propios de arquitectura
vernácula de las comunidades ribereñas de Babahoyo, aplicados a las nuevas ingenierías
en técnicas de construcción y materiales, que logren ser una propuesta de intervención
territorial, por lo tanto se busca establecer criterios de diseño que obedezcan a la tradición,
costumbres y actividades de los pobladores para elevar el confort de la vivienda a menor
costo.
Las propuestas de vivienda vernácula son estudiadas bajo la perspectiva de toma de
decisiones para resolver problemas, como el déficit de vivienda de interés social, costos
elevados para obtener una vivienda y fomentar desarrollos planificados dentro de los
territorios de las parroquias urbanas analizadas. La metodología es de carácter
exploratorio con un primer enfoque mixto, utilizando el Despliegue de la Función de
Calidad (QFD) para la toma de decisiones, se busca obtener los diversos criterios que se
tienen sobre los niveles de satisfacción de la vivienda actual y recomendaciones para las
nuevas propuestas teniendo como parámetros de diseño una vivienda sostenible,
asequible y participativa.
El método TOPSIS se emplea para la cuantificación de los resultados de las variables y
criterios obtenidos del método QFD, que caracterizan la ponderación de los resultados
determinados por los encuestados obteniendo como resultado mejoras en el costo,
capacidad de personas y resistencia frente a fenómenos naturales.
En el proceso de encuestas los participantes consideran que la propuesta es económica y
cómoda ya que emplea materiales del sitio y maneja conceptos de arquitectura
bioclimática en la vivienda. Se comprueba que la propuesta de autoconstrucción de las
viviendas otorga un empoderamiento y control dentro de los costos de producción de la
vivienda aportando a reducir costos, mientras que el diseño de la vivienda devuelve el
concepto de vivienda ribereña al Cantón Babahoyo.
Como conclusión del estudio, se obtiene que las viviendas de bajos ingresos con
características de arquitectura vernácula generan nuevas soluciones prácticas con
respecto al costo de vivienda, obteniendo una alta tasa de aceptación por la participación
activa en los diseños de la vivienda y la reducción de costos de vivienda en un 33% con
respecto a los proyectos de vivienda MIDUVI.
The present study aims to develop a territorial planning proposal for the two emblematic urban parishes of the Babahoyo Canton, such as Enrique Ponce Luque and Clemente Baquerizo, with the purpose of recovering their ancestral construction techniques conformed by the criteria of vernacular architecture of the riverside communities of Babahoyo, applied to the new engineering in construction techniques and materials, that manage to be a proposal for territorial intervention, therefore it seeks to establish design criteria that obey the tradition, customs and activities of the inhabitants to raise the home comfort at a lower cost. Proposals for vernacular housing are studied from the perspective of decision-making to solve problems, such as the deficit of low-income housing, high costs to obtain housing and promote planned developments within the territories of the urban parishes analyzed. The methodology is exploratory in nature with a first mixed approach, using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) for decision making, it seeks to obtain the various criteria that are had on the levels of satisfaction of the current home and recommendations for the new proposals having as design parameters a sustainable, affordable and participatory housing. The TOPSIS method is used to quantify the results of the variables and criteria obtained from the QFD method, which characterize the weighting of the results determined by the respondents, obtaining as a result improvements in cost, capacity of people and resistance to natural phenomena. In the equestrian process, the participants consider that the proposal is economical and comfortable since it uses materials from the site and handles concepts of bioclimatic architecture in the house. It is verified that the proposal of self-construction of the houses grants an empowerment and control within the production costs of the house, contributing to reduce costs, while the design of the house returns the concept of riverside housing to the Babahoyo Canton. Respondents consider that the proposal is economical and comfortable since it uses materials from the site and handles concepts of bioclimatic architecture in the home. As a conclusion of the study, it is obtained that low-income houses with characteristics of vernacular architecture generate new practical solutions with respect to the cost of housing, obtaining a high acceptance rate due to active participation in housing designs and cost reduction of housing by 33% with respect to MIDUVI housing projects.
The present study aims to develop a territorial planning proposal for the two emblematic urban parishes of the Babahoyo Canton, such as Enrique Ponce Luque and Clemente Baquerizo, with the purpose of recovering their ancestral construction techniques conformed by the criteria of vernacular architecture of the riverside communities of Babahoyo, applied to the new engineering in construction techniques and materials, that manage to be a proposal for territorial intervention, therefore it seeks to establish design criteria that obey the tradition, customs and activities of the inhabitants to raise the home comfort at a lower cost. Proposals for vernacular housing are studied from the perspective of decision-making to solve problems, such as the deficit of low-income housing, high costs to obtain housing and promote planned developments within the territories of the urban parishes analyzed. The methodology is exploratory in nature with a first mixed approach, using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) for decision making, it seeks to obtain the various criteria that are had on the levels of satisfaction of the current home and recommendations for the new proposals having as design parameters a sustainable, affordable and participatory housing. The TOPSIS method is used to quantify the results of the variables and criteria obtained from the QFD method, which characterize the weighting of the results determined by the respondents, obtaining as a result improvements in cost, capacity of people and resistance to natural phenomena. In the equestrian process, the participants consider that the proposal is economical and comfortable since it uses materials from the site and handles concepts of bioclimatic architecture in the house. It is verified that the proposal of self-construction of the houses grants an empowerment and control within the production costs of the house, contributing to reduce costs, while the design of the house returns the concept of riverside housing to the Babahoyo Canton. Respondents consider that the proposal is economical and comfortable since it uses materials from the site and handles concepts of bioclimatic architecture in the home. As a conclusion of the study, it is obtained that low-income houses with characteristics of vernacular architecture generate new practical solutions with respect to the cost of housing, obtaining a high acceptance rate due to active participation in housing designs and cost reduction of housing by 33% with respect to MIDUVI housing projects.
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ARQUITECTURA VERNÁCULA, VIVIENDA DE INTERÉS SOCIAL, DÉFICIT DE VIENDA, PLANIFICACIÓN TERRITORIAL