Estrategias de Movilidad Urbana para la accesibilidad a las dependencias del Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo de Guayaquil
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2020-11
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Universidad de Guayaquil: Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo
Resumen
La planificación urbana es un mecanismo establecido que permite a las ciudades
alcanzar un desarrollo sostenible, en la medida que proporciona al ciudadano
espacios adecuados y seguros para su desarrollo y desenvolvimiento con la
finalidad de brindarle calidad de vida. El incremento de usuarios a las dependencias
del Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, (HTMC), de la ciudad de Guayaquil, ha
contribuido a requerir mayor y mejores condiciones de movilización y acceso al
espacio público circundante del hospital, especialmente por parte del peatón, que
no cuenta con espacios adecuados que permitan su movilización segura. De esta
manera, existen riesgos y peligros para los transeúntes, sobre todo para las personas
con capacidades especiales que requieren aún mayor espacio de movilidad por su
condición, lo que vulnera completamente el derecho al peatón.
Para el presente estudio, se realizó un proceso de diagnóstico territorial que permitió
identificar la verdadera dimensión de la accesibilidad peatonal existente en el
espacio público inmediato al (HTMC), con el propósito de desarrollar estrategias
de movilidad urbana para mejorar el acceso a esta dependencia.
La presente investigación plantea una metodología mixta conformada en 2 Etapas,
donde la primera es de diagnóstico y la segunda de propuesta. En la primera etapa
con el Método 1, se hace la selección del caso de estudio del HTMC con base a
cuatro criterios establecidos. Con el Método 2 se desarrolla el diagnóstico en una
intervención general del sitio de la influencia física circundante que ejercen sobre
el sector en un radio de acción de 1000mt,se analiza mediante la selección de cuatro
componentes expuestos por los procesos de la Secretaría Técnica Planifica Ecuador
antes (SENPLADES): uso del suelo, vialidad, transporte público e infraestructura.
El M2 permite hacer el estudio del sector específico con un radio de 260mt, se
analiza mediante la metodología para el estudio del espacio público utilizada por el
arquitecto urbanista, Jan Gehl, con la guía del ámbito de B-Movilidad Sustentable
para evaluar el espacio público inmediato que genera la movilidad y acceso al
hospital.
La participación ciudadana se la incorpora con el Método 3 con una muestra
probabilística de 321 individuos a través de un proceso de encuesta, con un
cuestionario estructurado, tomando de referencia una población de 1927 usuarios.
Se trabajó con un coeficiente de error del 5% y un nivel de confianza del 95%.
Se exponen los resultados en base a una matriz FODA en la que se complementa el
diagnóstico general y específico. En la Etapa 2, se exponen para establecer las
estrategias de movilidad urbana en el que se proyecta actuaciones estratégicas de
acuerdo a dos variables. La primera considerada la prioridad del peatón con un peso
específico del 70% y la segunda al sistema vial con el peso restante del 30%. Se
propone un instrumento para evaluar la influencia que tienen las estrategias de
accesibilidad y movilidad urbana en el usuario del hospital haciendo una
correlación de los factores de la calidad con las actuaciones propuestas. De esta
manera, se realiza un aporte práctico que se traducen en actuaciones urbanas sobre
las estrategias específicas planteadas.
Urban planning is an established mechanism that allows cities to achieve sustainable development, to the extent that it provides citizens with adequate and safe spaces for their development and development in order to provide quality of life. The increase in users of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital (HTMC), in the city of Guayaquil, has contributed to requiring greater and better conditions of mobilization and access to the public space surrounding the hospital, especially by pedestrians, who do not It has adequate spaces that allow its safe mobilization. In this way, there are risks and dangers for passersby, especially for people with special abilities who require even more space for mobility due to their condition, which completely violates the right to pedestrians. For the present study, a territorial diagnostic process was carried out that allowed to identify the true dimension of the existing pedestrian accessibility in the immediate public space (HTMC), with the purpose of developing urban mobility strategies to improve access to this dependency. This research proposes a mixed methodology made up of 2 Stages, where the first is diagnostic and the second is proposal. In the first stage with Method 1, the selection of the HTMC case study is made based on four established criteria. With Method 2, the diagnosis is developed in a general intervention of the site of the surrounding physical influence that they exert on the sector in a radius of action of 1000mt, it is analyzed by means of the selection of four components exposed by the processes of the Technical Secretariat Planifica Ecuador before (SENPLADES): land use, roads, public transport and infrastructure. The M2 allows the study of the specific sector with a radius of 260mt, it is analyzed through the methodology for the study of public space used by the urban architect, Jan Gehl, with the guidance of the field of Sustainable B-Mobility to evaluate public space immediate that generates mobility and access to the hospital. Citizen participation is incorporated with Method 3 with a probabilistic sample of 321 individuals through a survey process, with a structured questionnaire, taking as a reference a population of 1927 users. We worked with an error coefficient of 5% and a confidence level of 95%. The results are presented based on a SWOT matrix in which the general and specific diagnosis is complemented. In Stage 2, they are exposed to establish urban mobility strategies in which strategic actions are projected according to two variables. The first considered the priority of the pedestrian with a specific weight of 70% and the second to the road system with the remaining weight of 30%. An instrument is proposed to evaluate the influence of accessibility and urban mobility strategies on the hospital user by correlating quality factors with the proposed actions. In this way, a practical contribution is made that is translated into urban actions on the specific strategies proposed.
Urban planning is an established mechanism that allows cities to achieve sustainable development, to the extent that it provides citizens with adequate and safe spaces for their development and development in order to provide quality of life. The increase in users of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital (HTMC), in the city of Guayaquil, has contributed to requiring greater and better conditions of mobilization and access to the public space surrounding the hospital, especially by pedestrians, who do not It has adequate spaces that allow its safe mobilization. In this way, there are risks and dangers for passersby, especially for people with special abilities who require even more space for mobility due to their condition, which completely violates the right to pedestrians. For the present study, a territorial diagnostic process was carried out that allowed to identify the true dimension of the existing pedestrian accessibility in the immediate public space (HTMC), with the purpose of developing urban mobility strategies to improve access to this dependency. This research proposes a mixed methodology made up of 2 Stages, where the first is diagnostic and the second is proposal. In the first stage with Method 1, the selection of the HTMC case study is made based on four established criteria. With Method 2, the diagnosis is developed in a general intervention of the site of the surrounding physical influence that they exert on the sector in a radius of action of 1000mt, it is analyzed by means of the selection of four components exposed by the processes of the Technical Secretariat Planifica Ecuador before (SENPLADES): land use, roads, public transport and infrastructure. The M2 allows the study of the specific sector with a radius of 260mt, it is analyzed through the methodology for the study of public space used by the urban architect, Jan Gehl, with the guidance of the field of Sustainable B-Mobility to evaluate public space immediate that generates mobility and access to the hospital. Citizen participation is incorporated with Method 3 with a probabilistic sample of 321 individuals through a survey process, with a structured questionnaire, taking as a reference a population of 1927 users. We worked with an error coefficient of 5% and a confidence level of 95%. The results are presented based on a SWOT matrix in which the general and specific diagnosis is complemented. In Stage 2, they are exposed to establish urban mobility strategies in which strategic actions are projected according to two variables. The first considered the priority of the pedestrian with a specific weight of 70% and the second to the road system with the remaining weight of 30%. An instrument is proposed to evaluate the influence of accessibility and urban mobility strategies on the hospital user by correlating quality factors with the proposed actions. In this way, a practical contribution is made that is translated into urban actions on the specific strategies proposed.
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Palabras clave
PLANIFICACIÓN URBANA, MOVILIDAD URBANA