Evaluación del riesgo de contaminación por Metales Pesados en sedimentos de manglar en Ecuador
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2020-11
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
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Existe amenazas en los ecosistemas de manglar por factores antropogénicos debido al ingreso de contaminantes, causando deterioro a las especies y poblaciones humanas que en ellos habitan. Dentro de estos contaminantes los metales pesados son los más tóxicos. Es por ello que el presente estudio busca evaluar el riesgo de contaminación por metales pesados en los sedimentos de manglar en localidades de tres provincias de la costa ecuatoriana (Guayas, Manabí y el Oro). Habiendo estudios previos referente a la contaminación de sedimentos de manglar, se recopiló información de resultados de las concentraciones de Cd, Pb y Hg, para generar una base de datos utilizando los programas MINITAB versión 19.0 y PAST versión 4.0. El riesgo toxicológico es estimado por medio de la comparación con los valores de la Concentración de Efectos Límite (CEL) y la Concentración de Efectos Probables (CEP). Adicionalmente se calculará el factor de contaminación de sedimentos (fi), el Índice de Carga de Contaminación (ICC) y el Índice de Riesgo Ecológico Potencial (IREP), éste excedió riesgo ambiental en el Estero Santa Rosa (577806,255), Estero Salado (1659,939), Estero Huaylá (1632,025), Reserva Ecológica Manglares de Churute (1482,604) y el Golfo de Guayaquil (875,719). Se evidenció un moderado IREP en el Estuario del Rio Chone (358,475); Estero El Ébano (161,621) e Isla Santay (174,000). En general se pudo diferenciar que los sedimentos de manglar se encuentran extremadamente contaminados por Hg, altamente contaminados por Cd y baja contaminación por Pb. Este es un tema que ha sido limitadamente estudiado y por ende va a servir para crear una línea base hacia la futura remediación y a la toma de decisiones para la protección de las áreas de manglar.
There are threats to mangrove ecosystems from anthropogenic factors due to the influx of pollutants, causing deterioration of the species and human populations that inhabit them. Among these pollutants, heavy metals are the most toxic. Therefore, this study seeks to evaluate the risk of contamination by heavy metals in mangrove sediments in three provinces of the Ecuadorian coast (Guayas, Manabí and El Oro). Having previous studies referring to the contamination of mangrove sediments, information of results of Cd, Pb and Hg concentrations was compiled to generate a data base using MINITAB version 19.0 and PAST version 4.0 programs. The toxicological risk is estimated by means of comparison with the values of the Limiting Effect Concentration (LEC) and the Probable Effect Concentration (PEC). Additionally, the sediment contamination factor (fi), the Contamination Load Index (ICC) and the Potential Ecological Risk Index (IREP) will be calculated. These exceed the environmental risk in the Santa Rosa Estuary (577806,255), Salado Estuary (1659,939), Huaylá Estuary (1632,025), Churute Mangrove Ecological Reserve (1482,604) and the Gulf of Guayaquil (875,719). There was moderate IREP in the Chone River Estuary (358,475); El Ebano Estuary (161,621) and Santay Island (174,000). In general it was possible to differentiate that the mangrove sediments are extremely contaminated by Hg, highly contaminated by Cd and low contamination by Pb. This is an issue that has been studied only to a limited extent and will therefore serve to create a baseline for future remediation and decision making for the protection of mangrove areas.
There are threats to mangrove ecosystems from anthropogenic factors due to the influx of pollutants, causing deterioration of the species and human populations that inhabit them. Among these pollutants, heavy metals are the most toxic. Therefore, this study seeks to evaluate the risk of contamination by heavy metals in mangrove sediments in three provinces of the Ecuadorian coast (Guayas, Manabí and El Oro). Having previous studies referring to the contamination of mangrove sediments, information of results of Cd, Pb and Hg concentrations was compiled to generate a data base using MINITAB version 19.0 and PAST version 4.0 programs. The toxicological risk is estimated by means of comparison with the values of the Limiting Effect Concentration (LEC) and the Probable Effect Concentration (PEC). Additionally, the sediment contamination factor (fi), the Contamination Load Index (ICC) and the Potential Ecological Risk Index (IREP) will be calculated. These exceed the environmental risk in the Santa Rosa Estuary (577806,255), Salado Estuary (1659,939), Huaylá Estuary (1632,025), Churute Mangrove Ecological Reserve (1482,604) and the Gulf of Guayaquil (875,719). There was moderate IREP in the Chone River Estuary (358,475); El Ebano Estuary (161,621) and Santay Island (174,000). In general it was possible to differentiate that the mangrove sediments are extremely contaminated by Hg, highly contaminated by Cd and low contamination by Pb. This is an issue that has been studied only to a limited extent and will therefore serve to create a baseline for future remediation and decision making for the protection of mangrove areas.
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RIESGO ECOLÓGICO, CONTAMINACIÓN, METALES PESADOS, MANGLAR