Impacto ambiental de las descargas de aguas residuales en el Río Chaguana
Fecha
2020-10
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
La presente investigación se desarrolló con el objetivo de valorar el grado de contaminación en aguas del río Chaguana y los efluentes vertidos por el sistema de alcantarillado urbano, camaroneras y bananeras en el cuerpo hídrico en la parroquia Tendales, para lo cual se obtuvieron datos físico-químicos y microbiológicos del
municipio con los cuales se caracterizaron las variables, además se realizó análisis de varianza de un factor intersujetos y factorial intersujetos a un nivel de significancia del 95%. Se concluye que la fuente contaminante más significativa del río Chaguana fueronlos efluentes emitidos por el sistema de alcantarillado, aunque también se presentan afectaciones por vertidos de camaroneras y bananeras. En las aguas del río Chaguana
se observaron valores superiores al LMP en los aceites & grasas (0,765 mg/L), sólidos suspendidos totales (173,94 mg/L) y sulfuros (0,67 mg/L), lo que evidencia contaminación al cuerpo hídrico generado por las descargas emitidas.
This research was developed with the aim to assess the degree of contamination in the waters of the Chaguana River and its effluents considering the wastewater discharge from the urban sewerage system, shrimp farms, and banana plantations in this water body in the Tendales parish. Physical-chemical and microbiological data of the municipality were obtained and the variables were characterized. Besides, an analysis of variance of intersubject factor and intersubject factorial was performed at a significance level of 95%. It is concluded that the most significant pollutant source in the Chaguana River was the effluents emitted by the sewage system, although there are also significant effects due to discharges from shrimp farms and banana plantations. In the waters of the Chaguana River values higher than the Maximum Permissible Level (MPL) were observed in oils & fats (0.765 mg / L), total suspended solids (173.94 mg / L) and sulfides (0.67 mg / L), which shows contamination to the body of water generated by the discharges emitted.
This research was developed with the aim to assess the degree of contamination in the waters of the Chaguana River and its effluents considering the wastewater discharge from the urban sewerage system, shrimp farms, and banana plantations in this water body in the Tendales parish. Physical-chemical and microbiological data of the municipality were obtained and the variables were characterized. Besides, an analysis of variance of intersubject factor and intersubject factorial was performed at a significance level of 95%. It is concluded that the most significant pollutant source in the Chaguana River was the effluents emitted by the sewage system, although there are also significant effects due to discharges from shrimp farms and banana plantations. In the waters of the Chaguana River values higher than the Maximum Permissible Level (MPL) were observed in oils & fats (0.765 mg / L), total suspended solids (173.94 mg / L) and sulfides (0.67 mg / L), which shows contamination to the body of water generated by the discharges emitted.
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Palabras clave
ACEITE Y GRASAS, COLIFORMES FECALES, CONTAMINACIÓN, SULFUROS