El tabaquismo como factor de riesgo de enfermedades bucales
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2021-03
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología
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Las enfermedades bucales tienen diferentes factores de riesgo que pueden contribuir a su presencia, desarrollo, agravamiento; uno de los factores de riesgo de diversas enfermedades son los hábitos, entre ellos el tabaquismo, que es un problema de adicción que interviene en el funcionamiento del cuerpo de manera sistémica y local, para evitar los daños del tabaco en la cavidad bucal es importante conocer las afectaciones que produce. Objetivo: Explicar el tabaquismo como factor de riesgo de enfermedades bucal. Metodología: enfoque cualitativo, exploratorio, descriptivo de revisión bibliográfica sistemática, alcance sincrónico, transversal. Resultados: el tabaco es factor de riesgo determinante de cáncer oral, enfermedad periodontal, caries dental, periimplantitis, debido a que los componentes que tiene el tabaco afectarán inicialmente a la boca al ser el medio por el cual ingresa el producto de este hábito, afectará en la prevalencia, progresión y poder destructivo de las enfermedades. Conclusiones: La nicotina altera el funcionamiento de los osteoclastos y osteoblastos; los signos inflamatorios se ven enmascarados en los fumadores; afecta a la osteointegración de los implantes dentales produciendo vasoconstricción, reducción del flujo de oxígeno y generando isquemia tisular. Recomendación: orientar a los individuos sobre las enfermedades bucales que pueden padecer a partir del hábito tabáquico; informar las consecuencias en la salud bucal para de esa manera concientizar a disminuir el hábito; realizar revisiones periódicas minuciosas en los pacientes para poder descartar alguna enfermedad y poder tratarla en etapas; enviar terapia sustitutiva al hábito tabáquico.
Oral diseases have different risk factors that contribute to their own presence, development, aggravation. In addition, bad dental habits, particularly smoking, are a risk factor of many illnesses. The aforementioned bad habit is considered an addiction problem that interferes the body functions in a systematic and local manner. In order to avoid the harmful effects of tobacco within the oral cavity, it is important to know which they are. Objective: Explain smoking as a risk factor of oral diseases Methodology: Qualitative, exploratory, synchronous, transversal and descriptive approach of systematic bibliographic review. Results: Tobacco is an important and determinant risk factor to oral cavity’s cancer, due to tobacco carcinogenic components’ which affect initially the mouth, being this the medium from which the product of this habit enters. Conclusions: Nicotine alters osteoclasts and osteoblast performance; inflammatory signs are masked in smoking patients; tobacco affects osseointegration of dental implants producing vasoconstriction, oxygen flow reduction and ischemia tissue generation. Recommendation: A Guide to individuals about oral diseases that originate from smoking inform the health condition that an individual can have in the oral cavity so as to raise awareness and thus reduce this bad habit. Furthermore, meticulous periodicals reviews in patients ought to be carried out to discard any disease and also to treat it in the early stages through a replacement therapy of the smoking habit.
Oral diseases have different risk factors that contribute to their own presence, development, aggravation. In addition, bad dental habits, particularly smoking, are a risk factor of many illnesses. The aforementioned bad habit is considered an addiction problem that interferes the body functions in a systematic and local manner. In order to avoid the harmful effects of tobacco within the oral cavity, it is important to know which they are. Objective: Explain smoking as a risk factor of oral diseases Methodology: Qualitative, exploratory, synchronous, transversal and descriptive approach of systematic bibliographic review. Results: Tobacco is an important and determinant risk factor to oral cavity’s cancer, due to tobacco carcinogenic components’ which affect initially the mouth, being this the medium from which the product of this habit enters. Conclusions: Nicotine alters osteoclasts and osteoblast performance; inflammatory signs are masked in smoking patients; tobacco affects osseointegration of dental implants producing vasoconstriction, oxygen flow reduction and ischemia tissue generation. Recommendation: A Guide to individuals about oral diseases that originate from smoking inform the health condition that an individual can have in the oral cavity so as to raise awareness and thus reduce this bad habit. Furthermore, meticulous periodicals reviews in patients ought to be carried out to discard any disease and also to treat it in the early stages through a replacement therapy of the smoking habit.
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TABAQUISMO, ENFERMEDADES BUCALES, FACTORES DE RIESGO