Influencia del estado nutricional en la evolución de neumonía en pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados
Fecha
2020
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
Introducción: La neumonía es una infección aguda del tejido pulmonar que afecta de manera importante a la población infantil, constituyendo una de las principales causas de morbilidad en este grupo poblacional especialmente vulnerable, debido a su inmadurez inmunológica. Neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) ocurre cuando un paciente inmunocompetente estuvo expuesto a un microorganismo fuera del hospital o no ha sido hospitalizado 714 días previos al comienzo de los síntomas. En el Hospital Alfredo Noboa Montenegro, se realizó un estudio sobre el impacto de la desnutrición infantil en la evolución de la neumonía. Objetivo: Establecer la influencia del estado nutricional en la evolución de neumonía en el paciente pediátrico atendido en el Hospital Alfredo Noboa Montenegro. Metodología: Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental de corte transversal, cuyo método de investigación empírico fue la observación y el método teórico fue el análisis y correlación. Resultado: Se comprobó que existe predominio de neumonía en pacientes de edades entre 1 a 4 años, representando el 52,9% (n=64) de los casos, siendo más frecuente el sexo masculino en un 57.9% (n=70); se evidencio mayor índice de neumonías leves (n=96, 79,3%), se comprobó que el estado nutricional de los pacientes, revela mayor porcentaje de desnutrición en grado leve a moderado, en 47.1% (n=57), seguido de estado nutricional normal en 46,3% (n=56). Discusión y Conclusiones: No existe asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el estado nutricional con la evolución de la neumonía, ya que, al aplicar la prueba de Chi cuadrado a las tablas cruzadas, el P valor fue menor a 0.05, pero existe fuerte predominio de pacientes pediátricos desnutridos con neumonía
Introduction: Pneumonia is an acute infection of the lung tissue that affects significantly the child population, constituting one of the main causes of morbidity in this population group, which is especially vulnerable due to its immunological immaturity. Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) occurs when an immunocompetent patient was exposed to a microorganism outside the hospital or has not been hospitalized 7-14 days prior to the onset of symptoms. At the Alfredo Noboa Montenegro Hospital, a study was conducted on the impact of child malnutrition on the evolution of pneumonia Objective: To establish the influence of nutritional status on the evolution of pneumonia in the pediatric patient attended at the Alfredo Noboa Montenegro Hospital. Methodology: Study of quantitative approach, non-experimental design of cross section, whose empirical research method was observation and the theoretical method was analysis and correlation. Result: It was found that there is predominance of pneumonia in patients between 1 and 4 years old, representing 52.9% (n=64) of the cases, being more frequent the male sex in 57.9% (n=70); there was evidence of higher index of mild pneumonia (n=96, 79.3%), it was found that the nutritional status of the patients, reveals higher percentage of malnutrition in mild to moderate degree, in 47.1% (n=57), followed by normal nutritional status in 46.3% (n=56). Discussion and Conclusions: There is no statistically significant association between nutritional status and the evolution of pneumonia, since, when applying the Chi-square test to the crossed tables, the P value was less than 0.05, but there is a strong predominance of malnourished pediatric patients with pneumonia
Introduction: Pneumonia is an acute infection of the lung tissue that affects significantly the child population, constituting one of the main causes of morbidity in this population group, which is especially vulnerable due to its immunological immaturity. Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) occurs when an immunocompetent patient was exposed to a microorganism outside the hospital or has not been hospitalized 7-14 days prior to the onset of symptoms. At the Alfredo Noboa Montenegro Hospital, a study was conducted on the impact of child malnutrition on the evolution of pneumonia Objective: To establish the influence of nutritional status on the evolution of pneumonia in the pediatric patient attended at the Alfredo Noboa Montenegro Hospital. Methodology: Study of quantitative approach, non-experimental design of cross section, whose empirical research method was observation and the theoretical method was analysis and correlation. Result: It was found that there is predominance of pneumonia in patients between 1 and 4 years old, representing 52.9% (n=64) of the cases, being more frequent the male sex in 57.9% (n=70); there was evidence of higher index of mild pneumonia (n=96, 79.3%), it was found that the nutritional status of the patients, reveals higher percentage of malnutrition in mild to moderate degree, in 47.1% (n=57), followed by normal nutritional status in 46.3% (n=56). Discussion and Conclusions: There is no statistically significant association between nutritional status and the evolution of pneumonia, since, when applying the Chi-square test to the crossed tables, the P value was less than 0.05, but there is a strong predominance of malnourished pediatric patients with pneumonia
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Palabras clave
Neumonía, Estado nutricional, Pacientes hospitalizados, Pediatría, Evolución clínica, Hospital General Alfredo Noboa Montenegro, Cantón Guaranda, Ecuador