Diagnóstico etiológico y tratamiento de ictericia neonatal patológica
Fecha
2020
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
La ictericia neonatal patológica se considera a la coloración amarillenta de la piel y mucosas de los neonatos consecuencia de una enfermedad. Es producida en consecuencia, por el aumento de bilirrubina en sangre. La causa más frecuente es la hiperbilirrubinemia no conjugada. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar el método diagnóstico y tratamiento más habitual en la ictericia neonatal patológica e indagar sobre sus complicaciones. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, observacional de corte transversal incluye 396 pacientes que ingresaron al hospital y la muestra es de 97 pacientes. Los datos se tabularon en Microsoft Excel y luego se ingresó la información en el programa estadístico IBM-SPSS Stadistics 23. Analizándolos a través de estadísticos descriptivos. Resultando el método diagnóstico más usado y con mejores tasas de éxito fue la detección del grupo sanguíneo y bilirrubina sérica con el %100, la fototerapia continua, fue uno de los tratamientos más utilizados con el 50% de los pacientes. Entre los factores sociodemográfico el sexo masculino resulto más frecuente con un 56.7%; la zona urbana represento el mayor riesgo en esta morbilidad con el 80% de los casos y el 10 % se complicó durante el tratamiento con diarrea con deshidratación. El 5% de ellos tuvo deshidratación secundaria a tratamiento instaurado sin signos de hipernatremia, esta se pudo resolver sin mayor complejidad. El 5% restante tuvo diarrea aguda secretora que no evolucionó a hipovolemia efectiva. La ictericia neonatal patológica es una entidad muy común en nuestro medio, siendo las causadas por la incompatibilidad ABO y Rh las más comunes y sin complicaciones agudas.
Pathological neonatal jaundice is considered to be the yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes of neonates as a consequence of a disease. It is produced consequently, by the increase of bilirubin in the blood. The most common cause is unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. The objective of this study is to determine the most common diagnostic and treatment method for pathological neonatal jaundice and to inquire about its complications. This is a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study that includes 396 patients who were admitted to the hospital with diagnoses of …… and the sample is 97 patients. The data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and then the information was entered into the statistical program IBM-SPSS Statistics 23. Analyzing them through descriptive statistics. Resulting the most used diagnostic method and with the best success rates was the detection of blood group and serum bilirubin with 100%, continuous phototherapy, was one of the most used treatments with 50% of the patients. Among the sociodemographic factors, the male sex was more frequent with 56.7%, while the female sex with 43.3%; the urban area represented the highest risk in this morbidity with 80% of the cases and 10% of the sample was complicated during the treatment with diarrhea with dehydration. 5% of them had dehydration secondary to established treatment without signs of hypernatremia, this could be resolved without further complexity. The remaining 5% had acute secretory diarrhea that did not progress to effective hypovolemia. Pathological neonatal jaundice is a very common entity in our environment, being those caused by ABO and Rh incompatibility the most common and without acute complications.
Pathological neonatal jaundice is considered to be the yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes of neonates as a consequence of a disease. It is produced consequently, by the increase of bilirubin in the blood. The most common cause is unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. The objective of this study is to determine the most common diagnostic and treatment method for pathological neonatal jaundice and to inquire about its complications. This is a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study that includes 396 patients who were admitted to the hospital with diagnoses of …… and the sample is 97 patients. The data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and then the information was entered into the statistical program IBM-SPSS Statistics 23. Analyzing them through descriptive statistics. Resulting the most used diagnostic method and with the best success rates was the detection of blood group and serum bilirubin with 100%, continuous phototherapy, was one of the most used treatments with 50% of the patients. Among the sociodemographic factors, the male sex was more frequent with 56.7%, while the female sex with 43.3%; the urban area represented the highest risk in this morbidity with 80% of the cases and 10% of the sample was complicated during the treatment with diarrhea with dehydration. 5% of them had dehydration secondary to established treatment without signs of hypernatremia, this could be resolved without further complexity. The remaining 5% had acute secretory diarrhea that did not progress to effective hypovolemia. Pathological neonatal jaundice is a very common entity in our environment, being those caused by ABO and Rh incompatibility the most common and without acute complications.
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Ictericia neonatal, Patología, Etiología, Diagnóstico, Hospital General IESS de Machala., Cantón Machala, Ecuador