Lesiones displásicas del cérvix uterino en mujeres con diagnóstico de vih
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2020
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
Antecedentes: El cáncer cérvicouterino (CCU) es la tercera causa más frecuente de cáncer en mujeres a nivel mundial, las lesiones displásicas del cérvix uterino pueden por persistencia evolucionar hacia lesiones neoplásicas que son producidas por el Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH). Las personas con un estado inmunodeficiente como los pacientes con Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH) tienen mayor predisposición de presentar persistencia de las infecciones por VPH siendo así mayor el riesgo de que las lesiones displásicas evolucionen a cáncer cérvicouterino. Objetivo: Determinar en las pacientes diagnosticadas con VIH, del Hospital de Infectología Dr. José Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña en el periodo 2018-2019, la frecuencia en la que se presentan las lesiones displásicas del cérvix uterino, identificar el tipo de lesión displásica que con mayor frecuencia es diagnosticada y el grupo etario con mayor predisposición. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transversal, en el cual se recolectó información de los informes histopatológicos de biopsia del cérvix uterino de 270 mujeres VIH reactivas que acudieron a consulta ginecológica en el Hospital de Infectología Dr. José Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña en el periodo 2018-2019. Resultados: El 34% de las pacientes estudiadas presentaron lesiones displásicas, identificadas mediante informe histopatológico de biopsia del cérvix, en las cuales la displasia moderada o Neoplasia Intraepitelial cervical grado II es la que se presentó con mayor frecuencia en un porcentaje del 35%, con respecto al grupo etario más afectado por la presencia de las lesiones displásicas cervicouterinas es el comprendido entre los 30 – 39 años de edad en un porcentaje del 40%. Conclusión: Existe una mayor frecuencia de presentación de lesiones displásicas cervicouterinas en pacientes diagnosticadas con VIH en comparación a estudios realizados en mujeres VIH no reactivas, por lo tanto se recomienda mejorar las estrategias implementadas en los controles ginecológicos para aplicar de una manera más eficaz las pruebas de cribado para un diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento oportuno del CCU
Background: Cervical cancer is the third most frequent cause of cancer in women worldwide. Dysplastic lesions of the uterine cervix can persistently evolve into neoplastic lesions that are produced by the Human Papilloma Virus. People with an immunodeficient system such as reactive HIV patients have a greater predisposition to present persistence HPV infections, increasing the risk of dysplastic lesions evolving towards cervicouterine cancer. Objective: To determine the frequency in which dysplastic lesions of the uterine cervix occur, to identify the type of cervicouterine dysplastic lesion that is most frequently diagnosed and the age group most predisposed to present this type of lesion in diagnosed patients with HIV, within the Hospital de Infectología “Dr. José Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña” in the period 2018-2019. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out, in which 270 reactive HIV women who attended a gynecological consult at the Hospital de Infectología “Dr. José Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña” in the period 2018-2019 were studied. Results: From 270 women attended by outpatient consultation in the gynecology service within the hospital, 78 cases were found, representing 34%, in which dysplastic lesions of the uterine cervix were identified by histopathological report by biopsy of the uterine cervix, of which Moderate dysplastic lesions or CIN grade II are the ones that most frequently occur in a percentage of 35% and with respect to the age group most affected by the presence of cervical dysplastic lesions are the ages between 30 - 39 years of age by a percentage of 40%. Conclusion: There is a greater frequency of presentation of cervical dysplastic lesions in patients diagnosed with HIV in front of other studies in no reactive VIH patients, and it is recommended to improve the strategies implemented in gynecological controls to apply screening tests for an early diagnosis of cervicouterine cancer in a more effective way
Background: Cervical cancer is the third most frequent cause of cancer in women worldwide. Dysplastic lesions of the uterine cervix can persistently evolve into neoplastic lesions that are produced by the Human Papilloma Virus. People with an immunodeficient system such as reactive HIV patients have a greater predisposition to present persistence HPV infections, increasing the risk of dysplastic lesions evolving towards cervicouterine cancer. Objective: To determine the frequency in which dysplastic lesions of the uterine cervix occur, to identify the type of cervicouterine dysplastic lesion that is most frequently diagnosed and the age group most predisposed to present this type of lesion in diagnosed patients with HIV, within the Hospital de Infectología “Dr. José Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña” in the period 2018-2019. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out, in which 270 reactive HIV women who attended a gynecological consult at the Hospital de Infectología “Dr. José Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña” in the period 2018-2019 were studied. Results: From 270 women attended by outpatient consultation in the gynecology service within the hospital, 78 cases were found, representing 34%, in which dysplastic lesions of the uterine cervix were identified by histopathological report by biopsy of the uterine cervix, of which Moderate dysplastic lesions or CIN grade II are the ones that most frequently occur in a percentage of 35% and with respect to the age group most affected by the presence of cervical dysplastic lesions are the ages between 30 - 39 years of age by a percentage of 40%. Conclusion: There is a greater frequency of presentation of cervical dysplastic lesions in patients diagnosed with HIV in front of other studies in no reactive VIH patients, and it is recommended to improve the strategies implemented in gynecological controls to apply screening tests for an early diagnosis of cervicouterine cancer in a more effective way
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Displasia del cuello del útero, Neoplasias del cuello uterino, Virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, Virus del papiloma humano, Epidemiología descriptiva, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital de Infectología Dr. José Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador