Factores de riesgo en la asfixia perinatal
Fecha
2020
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
El objetivo del presente estudio tiene como finalidad determinar los factores de riesgo asociados a la asfixia perinatal en el Hospital León Becerra Camacho de Milagro periodo 2017-2019.
La asfixia perinatal se defina como la suspensión o grave disminución del intercambio gaseoso a nivel de la placenta o de los pulmones, que resulta en hipoxemia, hipercapnia e hipoxia tisular y acidosis. Constituye la segunda causa de muerte a nivel mundial en los neonatos y la novena causa de muerte en Ecuador, siendo una de las principales patologías que produce secuelas neurológicas importantes en el neonato.
El estudio fue de tipo cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, observacional y transversal, donde participaron 100 neonatos con diagnóstico de asfixia perinatal que hayan cumplido con los criterios de inclusión establecidos de los 4852 nacidos vivos en el hospital en mención durante el tiempo del estudio, cuyas historias clínicas fueron revisadas y sus datos recolectados en una encuesta para su posterior análisis estadístico de frecuencia y asociación.
Dentro de nuestros resultados se obtuvo que los principales factores de riesgos de asfixia perinatal fueron, la edad materna, la escolaridad materna, la infección de vías urinarias, la nuliparidad, los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo, el trabajo de parto prolongado y el sexo masculino.
Se concluye que el trabajo de parto prolongado fue el factor de riesgo más frecuente, teniendo una asociación directa con la edad materna y la nuliparidad
The objective of this study is to determine the risk factors associated with perinatal asphyxia at the León Becerra Camacho de Milagro Hospital, period 2017-2019. Perinatal asphyxia is defined as the suspension or severe decrease of gas exchange at the level of the placenta or the lungs, resulting in hypoxemia, hypercapnia and tissue hypoxia and acidosis. It is the second cause of death worldwide in neonates and the ninth cause of death in Ecuador, being one of the main pathologies that produces important neurological sequelae in the neonate. The study was of a quantitative type, non-experimental, observational and cross-sectional design, where 100 neonates with a diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia participated who had met the established inclusion criteria of the 4852 live births in the hospital in question during the time of the study, whose Medical records were reviewed and their data collected in a survey for subsequent statistical analysis of frequency and association. Among our results, it was found that the main risk factors for perinatal asphyxia were maternal age, maternal education, urinary tract infection, nulliparity, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, prolonged labor and male sex. It is concluded that prolonged labor was the most frequent risk factor, having a direct association with maternal age and nulliparity.
The objective of this study is to determine the risk factors associated with perinatal asphyxia at the León Becerra Camacho de Milagro Hospital, period 2017-2019. Perinatal asphyxia is defined as the suspension or severe decrease of gas exchange at the level of the placenta or the lungs, resulting in hypoxemia, hypercapnia and tissue hypoxia and acidosis. It is the second cause of death worldwide in neonates and the ninth cause of death in Ecuador, being one of the main pathologies that produces important neurological sequelae in the neonate. The study was of a quantitative type, non-experimental, observational and cross-sectional design, where 100 neonates with a diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia participated who had met the established inclusion criteria of the 4852 live births in the hospital in question during the time of the study, whose Medical records were reviewed and their data collected in a survey for subsequent statistical analysis of frequency and association. Among our results, it was found that the main risk factors for perinatal asphyxia were maternal age, maternal education, urinary tract infection, nulliparity, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, prolonged labor and male sex. It is concluded that prolonged labor was the most frequent risk factor, having a direct association with maternal age and nulliparity.
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Factores de riesgo, Asfixia neonatal, Recién nacido, Hospital General Dr. León Becerra Camacho de Milagro, Cantón Milagro, Ecuador