Propuesta de suprimir el requisito de prejudicialidad, en el delito de falsificación y uso de documento público falso establecido en el Artículo 328 del CoIP en concordancia con el inciso segundo del Artículo 214 del COGEP
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2021-04
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Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Jurisprudencia Ciencias Sociales y Polìticas
Resumen
La prejudicialidad como requisito de procedibilidad en el delito de uso de documentos falsos, dispone que para iniciar una acción penal por delito de uso de documentos falsos, en primer lugar se debe obtener la acción de declaración de falsedad del documento en materia civil, y que la sentencia tenga el valor jurídico de cosa juzgada, por lo que de cierta forma notamos cuan engorroso resulta cumplir con la parte procesal previa para que este delito sea sancionado, pero mencionando el artículo 214 del COGEP, la falta de declaración de la falsedad de un instrumento público no impedirá el ejercicio de la acción penal, aunque dando inicio al enjuiciamiento civil para tal efecto, no se podrá promover proceso penal hasta la obtención de dicha declaración.
La presente investigación procuró desarrollar un medio académico efectivo que permita tanto a los profesionales del Derecho en libre ejercicio como a los administradores de justicia, determinar la aplicabilidad de la institución jurídica.
Prejudice as a procedural requirement in the crime of use of false documents, provides that in order to initiate a criminal action for the crime of use of false documents, in the first place, the action of declaration of falsification of the document in civil matters must be obtained, and that the sentence has the legal value of res judicata, so in a certain way we note how cumbersome it is to comply with the previous procedural part for this crime to be sanctioned, however, mentioning article 214 of the General Organic Code of Processes the lack of declaration of the falsification of a public instrument will not prevent the exercise of criminal action. But once civil proceedings have been initiated for this purpose, criminal proceedings may not be promoted until said declaration is obtained. This research sought to develop an effective academic environment that allows both legal professionals in free exercise and administrators of justice, to determine the applicability of the legal institution of prejudice, which in turn, as there are contradictory criteria regarding the nature of this as an impediment to the initiation of public criminal action for the crime of Falsification of Public Documents.
Prejudice as a procedural requirement in the crime of use of false documents, provides that in order to initiate a criminal action for the crime of use of false documents, in the first place, the action of declaration of falsification of the document in civil matters must be obtained, and that the sentence has the legal value of res judicata, so in a certain way we note how cumbersome it is to comply with the previous procedural part for this crime to be sanctioned, however, mentioning article 214 of the General Organic Code of Processes the lack of declaration of the falsification of a public instrument will not prevent the exercise of criminal action. But once civil proceedings have been initiated for this purpose, criminal proceedings may not be promoted until said declaration is obtained. This research sought to develop an effective academic environment that allows both legal professionals in free exercise and administrators of justice, to determine the applicability of the legal institution of prejudice, which in turn, as there are contradictory criteria regarding the nature of this as an impediment to the initiation of public criminal action for the crime of Falsification of Public Documents.
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Palabras clave
PREJUDICIALIDAD, FALSIFICACIÓN, DOCUMENTO, REQUISITO, REFORMA.