Factores relacionados a la no adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral en pacientes con VIH del Hospital Civil "San Vicente de Paul", en Pasaje. Periodo enero-junio 2019
Fecha
2018-09
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Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Carrera de Enfermería
Resumen
La no adherencia a los medicamentos antirretrovirales es fundamental para la evolución clínica de los pacientes con VIH/SIDA, ya que el tratamiento tiene como objetivo suprimir la carga viral, hasta lograr niveles casi indetectables, y así poder conseguir la recuperación del sistema inmune en este tipo de pacientes. El olvido de una dosis puede ser una oportunidad para que el virus se reproduzca muy rápidamente y aumente la carga viral. Además, si se reproduce al copiarse sus genes, se puede producir una mutación, lo que conllevaría a una resistencia al tratamiento y pérdida de efectividad del fármaco utilizado. Este trabajo se basa en determinar los factores relacionados a la no adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral en pacientes con VIH del Hospital San Vicente de Paúl en el periodo 2018-2019, para disminuir los índices de mortalidad y mejorar su calidad de vida. Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, aplicado a 30 pacientes, las cuales se le formuló 17 preguntas a fin de conocer los factores incidentes. Los datos estadísticos se adquirieron porcentualmente, representado en cuadros en gráficos. Teniendo como resultado que el 53% no tuvo un ingreso económico fijo, el 60% incide la distancia y el tiempo para adquirir su medicación y el 93% recibió información, pero tuvieron dificultad en la interacción con el personal sanitario. Existen algunos factores que pueden incidir en el tratamiento de los pacientes con diagnóstico de VIH, por ende, es importante una intervención oportuna por parte del equipo de salud, para incentivarlos a continuar.
Non-adherence to antiretroviral drugs is essential for the clinical evolution of patients with HIV / AIDS, since the treatment aims to suppress the viral load, until almost undetectable levels are achieved, and thus be able to achieve the recovery of the immune system in this type of patients Missing a dose can be an opportunity for the virus to reproduce very quickly and increase the viral load. In addition, if it reproduces when its genes are copied, a mutation can occur, which would lead to resistance to treatment and loss of effectiveness of the drug used. This work is based on determining the factors related to non-adherence to antiretroviral treatment in HIV patients of the San Vicente de Paul Hospital in the 2018-2019 period, to reduce mortality rates and improve their quality of life. A quantitative, descriptive and transversal approach was applied, applied to 30 patients, who were asked 17 questions in order to know the incident factors. Statistical data were acquired as a percentage, represented in tables in graphs. Having as a result that 53% did not have a fixed economic income, 60% affected the distance and time to acquire their medication and 93% received information, but had difficulty in interacting with health personnel. There are some factors that can influence the treatment of patients with HIV diagnosis, therefore, it is important a timely intervention by the health team, to encourage them to continue.
Non-adherence to antiretroviral drugs is essential for the clinical evolution of patients with HIV / AIDS, since the treatment aims to suppress the viral load, until almost undetectable levels are achieved, and thus be able to achieve the recovery of the immune system in this type of patients Missing a dose can be an opportunity for the virus to reproduce very quickly and increase the viral load. In addition, if it reproduces when its genes are copied, a mutation can occur, which would lead to resistance to treatment and loss of effectiveness of the drug used. This work is based on determining the factors related to non-adherence to antiretroviral treatment in HIV patients of the San Vicente de Paul Hospital in the 2018-2019 period, to reduce mortality rates and improve their quality of life. A quantitative, descriptive and transversal approach was applied, applied to 30 patients, who were asked 17 questions in order to know the incident factors. Statistical data were acquired as a percentage, represented in tables in graphs. Having as a result that 53% did not have a fixed economic income, 60% affected the distance and time to acquire their medication and 93% received information, but had difficulty in interacting with health personnel. There are some factors that can influence the treatment of patients with HIV diagnosis, therefore, it is important a timely intervention by the health team, to encourage them to continue.
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Palabras clave
FACTORES, NO ADHERENCIA, ANTIRRETROVIRAL