Representaciones sociales del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en el area urbano marginal
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2020-05
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Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Carrera de Enfermería
Resumen
Las sustancias psicoactivas son aquellas que al ser consumidas por el ser humano pueden alterar la conciencia, el estado de ánimo o los procesos de pensamiento de un individuo. Por ese motivo, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo el describir las representaciones sociales en el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en el área urbano marginal. Los métodos aplicados fueron la investigación cualitativa, el enfoque interpretativo, el método fenomenológico, los informantes claves fueron dos familiares de usuarios de consulta externa del Centro de Salud perteneciente al Distrito de Salud del Ministerio de Salud Pública, la técnica de recolección de datos fue la entrevista y la tabla del proceso de categorización y la matriz de categorización. Los resultados demostraron que las personas tendían a tener actitudes como alejarse, ya que, sienten miedo, preocupación y desconfianza de ellos, piensan que son agresivos, por lo que, tienden a excluirlos; en cuanto a las creencias asociaron a los consumidores con la pobreza, marginalidad, delincuencia, enfermedad, irrespeto, descontrol y la adición, mientras que los conocimientos de acciones preventivas fueron enseñar desde niños los valores, riesgos del consumo, negarse a las presiones, conocer las compañías de sus hijos, estar atentos a señales y actitudes inapropiadas, las campañas preventivas del Estado para familias y educadores. Se concluyó que las representaciones sociales que tienen las comunidades sobre los consumidores de sustancias psicoactivas son negativas, asociándolos con actitudes discriminación, creencias de que son delincuentes, enfermos, adictos, peligrosos y sus conocimientos sobre acciones preventivas son básicas que parten desde la niñez.
Psychoactive substances are those that when consumed by humans can alter the consciousness, mood or thought processes of an individual. For this reason, the present research aims to describe the social representations in the consumption of psychoactive substances in the marginal urban area. The applied methods were qualitative research, the interpretive approach, the phenomenological method, the key informants were two relatives of users of outpatient consultation of the Health Center belonging to the Health District of the Ministry of Public Health, the data collection technique was the interview and the table of the categorization process and the categorization matrix. The results showed that people tended to have attitudes such as moving away, since, they feel fear, concern and distrust of them, they think they are aggressive, so they tend to exclude them; Regarding beliefs, they associated consumers with poverty, marginalization, delinquency, disease, disrespect, lack of control and addiction, while knowledge of preventive actions was teaching values, risks of consumption, refusing to pressures, knowing the companies of their children, be attentive to inappropriate signs and attitudes, the preventive campaigns of the State for families and educators. It was concluded that the social representations that the communities have about the consumers of psychoactive substances are negative, associating them with discriminatory attitudes, beliefs that they are criminals, sick, addicts, dangerous and their knowledge about preventive actions are basic that start from childhood.
Psychoactive substances are those that when consumed by humans can alter the consciousness, mood or thought processes of an individual. For this reason, the present research aims to describe the social representations in the consumption of psychoactive substances in the marginal urban area. The applied methods were qualitative research, the interpretive approach, the phenomenological method, the key informants were two relatives of users of outpatient consultation of the Health Center belonging to the Health District of the Ministry of Public Health, the data collection technique was the interview and the table of the categorization process and the categorization matrix. The results showed that people tended to have attitudes such as moving away, since, they feel fear, concern and distrust of them, they think they are aggressive, so they tend to exclude them; Regarding beliefs, they associated consumers with poverty, marginalization, delinquency, disease, disrespect, lack of control and addiction, while knowledge of preventive actions was teaching values, risks of consumption, refusing to pressures, knowing the companies of their children, be attentive to inappropriate signs and attitudes, the preventive campaigns of the State for families and educators. It was concluded that the social representations that the communities have about the consumers of psychoactive substances are negative, associating them with discriminatory attitudes, beliefs that they are criminals, sick, addicts, dangerous and their knowledge about preventive actions are basic that start from childhood.
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REPRESENTACIONES SOCIALES, SUSTANCIAS PSICOACTIVAS, ACTITUDES