Análisis de la cartera de crédito de BanEcuador en el contexto de la emergencia sanitaria. Período 2020
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2020-03-02
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.
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El presente trabajo de investigación tiene un enfoque descriptivo mixto con una combinación de carácter cualitativo y cuantitativo, la base del proyecto es el análisis de la cartera de crédito y los indicadores financieros de BanEcuador en el contexto de la crisis sanitaria por Covid-19. Mediante la evaluación del reporte trimestral de la entidad bancaria a cierre junio del 2020 fue posible verificar que los indicadores financieros tuvieron un cambio abrupto respecto al periodo anterior. Es así que los activos presentaron una reducción de USD127,44 millones, es decir redujo en un 5,99%; esto obedece al descenso en las inversiones en USD120,45 millones y una mayor provisión para créditos incobrables lo cual creció en un 117,22% lo cual se justifica con el índice de morosidad que a junio 2019 fue de 6,77% mientras que a junio 2020 alcanzó un 13,38%. Para establecer la relación de estos indicadores con la realidad económica del país se realizó una revisión documental de los datos estadísticos publicados por el Instituto de Estadística y Censos (INEC) en el cual indica que el índice de pobreza y desempleo a diciembre 2020 alcanzó el 32% y 50% respectivamente. Lo cual es producto de las medidas impuestas por las entidades gubernamentales para frenar la propagación del virus que, si bien aportó a su detención, aunque no en la magnitud esperada, incurrió también en el deterioro de la economía del país. Es así que luego de utilizar la técnica de la entrevista a comerciantes del cantón Guano se logró evidenciar que estas medidas de prevención obligaron a que el sector de la microempresa que fue el área mas afectada, paralice sus actividades, reduzca su personal o en el caso mas extremo cierre sus negocios, afectando directamente a sus ingresos económicos y dejando sus obligaciones financieras en segundo plano ante alternativas de pago que no son viables en función de la economía de los hogares ecuatorianos. Se concluye que la crisis sanitaria por Covid-19 afectó a gran escala a la economía del país y que esto se ve reflejado en los indicadores financieros de las entidades bancarias las cuales deben aportar medios de pago acorde a la realidad económica para de esta manera contribuir al desarrollo económico sustentable del Ecuador
This research work has a mixed descriptive approach with a combination of qualitative and quantitative character, the basis of the project is the analysis of the loan portfolio and financial indicators of BanEcuador in the context of the health crisis due to Covid-19. By evaluating the quarterly report of the bank at the end of June 2020, it was possible to verify that the financial indicators had an abrupt change compared to the previous period. Thus, assets, 99 presented a reduction of USD127.44 million, that is, it was reduced by 5%; This is due to the decrease in investments of USD120.45 million and a higher provision for bad loans, which grew by 117.22%, which is justified by the delinquency rate, which as of June 2019 was 6.77%, while at June 2020 reached 13.38%. To establish the relationship of these indicators with the economic reality of the country, a documentary review of the statistical data published by the Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC) was carried out, in which it indicates that the poverty and unemployment index as of December 2020 reached 32 % and 50% respectively. Which is the result of the measures imposed by government entities to stop the spread of the virus that, although it contributed to his arrest, although not to the expected magnitude, also incurred the deterioration of the country's economy. Thus, after using the technique of interviewing merchants of the Guano canton, it was possible to show that these prevention measures forced the microenterprise sector that was the most affected area to paralyze its activities, reduce its staff or in the case more extreme closes their businesses, directly affecting their economic income and leaving their financial obligations in the background before payment alternatives that are not viable depending on the economy of Ecuadorian households. It is concluded that the health crisis caused by Covid-19 affected the country's economy on a large scale and that this is reflected in the financial indicators of the banking entities which must provide means of payment according to the economic reality in order to contribute in this way to the sustainable economic development of Ecuador
This research work has a mixed descriptive approach with a combination of qualitative and quantitative character, the basis of the project is the analysis of the loan portfolio and financial indicators of BanEcuador in the context of the health crisis due to Covid-19. By evaluating the quarterly report of the bank at the end of June 2020, it was possible to verify that the financial indicators had an abrupt change compared to the previous period. Thus, assets, 99 presented a reduction of USD127.44 million, that is, it was reduced by 5%; This is due to the decrease in investments of USD120.45 million and a higher provision for bad loans, which grew by 117.22%, which is justified by the delinquency rate, which as of June 2019 was 6.77%, while at June 2020 reached 13.38%. To establish the relationship of these indicators with the economic reality of the country, a documentary review of the statistical data published by the Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC) was carried out, in which it indicates that the poverty and unemployment index as of December 2020 reached 32 % and 50% respectively. Which is the result of the measures imposed by government entities to stop the spread of the virus that, although it contributed to his arrest, although not to the expected magnitude, also incurred the deterioration of the country's economy. Thus, after using the technique of interviewing merchants of the Guano canton, it was possible to show that these prevention measures forced the microenterprise sector that was the most affected area to paralyze its activities, reduce its staff or in the case more extreme closes their businesses, directly affecting their economic income and leaving their financial obligations in the background before payment alternatives that are not viable depending on the economy of Ecuadorian households. It is concluded that the health crisis caused by Covid-19 affected the country's economy on a large scale and that this is reflected in the financial indicators of the banking entities which must provide means of payment according to the economic reality in order to contribute in this way to the sustainable economic development of Ecuador
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CARTERA DE CRÉDITO, INDICES FINANCIEROS, CRISIS SANITARIA, ECONOMÍA