ANÁLISIS DE CASOS: CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LAS HABILIDADES SOCIALES EN NIÑOS CON TRASTORNO DEL ESPECTRO DEL AUTISMO EN LA INSTITUCIÓN DE AUTISMO ECUADOR
Fecha
2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil -Facultad de Ciencias Psicológicas
Resumen
Las habilidades sociales se consideran un aspecto importante en el desarrollo personal, social y académico, sin embargo, pueden ser poco desarrolladas dentro del contexto familiar por aspectos culturales, familiares y de aprendizaje, existiendo más afectaciones en niños con autismo. El objetivo general fue el de caracterizar las habilidades sociales en niños con trastorno del espectro del autismo en la Institución de Autismo Ecuador de la ciudad de Guayaquil durante el año 2020 - 2021. La metodología que se empleó fue cualitativa, estudio de caso, los sujetos que participaron fueron niños varones no escolarizados, que transitan la niñez temprana y presentan autismo en grado uno. Las técnicas e instrumentos de recolección de información utilizadas fueron: Guía de observación SECHS (Sistema de Evaluación Conductual de la Habilidad Social) de Caballo, entrevista a profundidad, grupo focal y Escala KidsLife-TEA: Evaluación de la calidad de vida de niños y adolescentes con trastorno del espectro del autismo y discapacidad intelectual. El principal resultado fue que la mayoría de los componentes de las habilidades sociales se encuentran afectados debido a rasgos personológicos de los niños, círculos sociales reducidos y contextos poco desarrolladores en el hogar, por lo tanto, se concluye que el ambiente familiar, el diagnóstico temprano y un tratamiento adecuado del autismo puede conseguir mejoras en las habilidades sociales de los niños
Social skills are considered an important aspect in the personal, social and academic development, however they could be little developed in the family context of cultural, familiar and leaning aspects, finding more problems in the children with autism. The general objective was of charactering the social skills in kids with autism spectrum disorder in an Autismo Ecuador institution in the city Guayaquil, during the years 2020-2021. The methodology used was, case study, the people who participated were boys who did not attend school, who go through early childhood and present with grade one autism. The technics and instruments of collection the information used were: Guide of observation SECHS (Sistema de Evaluación Conductual de la Habilidad Social) by Caballo, in-depth interviews, focus group, KidsLife-TEA scales: Evaluation of the quality of life, in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. The main results was that most of the components of the social skills are affected by personality traits of the children, reduced social circles and contexts with little developers at home, therefore the conclusion is that the family environment, the early diagnostic and the suitable treatment of autism could get improvements in the social skills of children
Social skills are considered an important aspect in the personal, social and academic development, however they could be little developed in the family context of cultural, familiar and leaning aspects, finding more problems in the children with autism. The general objective was of charactering the social skills in kids with autism spectrum disorder in an Autismo Ecuador institution in the city Guayaquil, during the years 2020-2021. The methodology used was, case study, the people who participated were boys who did not attend school, who go through early childhood and present with grade one autism. The technics and instruments of collection the information used were: Guide of observation SECHS (Sistema de Evaluación Conductual de la Habilidad Social) by Caballo, in-depth interviews, focus group, KidsLife-TEA scales: Evaluation of the quality of life, in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. The main results was that most of the components of the social skills are affected by personality traits of the children, reduced social circles and contexts with little developers at home, therefore the conclusion is that the family environment, the early diagnostic and the suitable treatment of autism could get improvements in the social skills of children
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Palabras clave
habilidades sociales, niñez, trastorno, autismo, Familia