Biología de la oseointegración en implantes dentarios
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2021-09
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología
Resumen
La oseointegración es un proceso biológico mediante el cual el hueso alveolar se
consolida con el implante dental creando así su interfase, dando como resultado estabilidad y
resistencia. Para que el proceso de oseointegración se lleve a cabo, debe pasar por varias fases
o etapas que empiezan desde el momento que se realiza la implantación hasta la adaptación de
la estructura ósea a la carga masticatoria que surge desde el tercer mes hasta toda la vida del
implante en boca. Objetivo: Conocer en que consiste la biología de la oseointegración en
implantes dentarios. Se aplicó una metodología científica exploratoria, bibliográfica, descriptiva,
sistemática y analítica de fuentes extraídas por internet relacionados con la biología de la
oseointegración en implantes dentarios los cuales tienen que ser estudiadas para garantizar el
éxito del tratamiento. De acuerdo con las referencias encontradas se plantea que la
oseointegración se va dar por una respuesta inflamatoria que produce una liberación de proteínas
que interactúan alrededor del implante para que en un tiempo determinado se cree un nuevo
hueso que se consolide con el implante. Existen también factores de riesgos que se relacionan
con el proceso de oseointegración aquellos que intervienen en la cicatrización dando como
resultado una inadecuada unión e inestabilidad. Estos factores son: dieta, enfermedades
sistémicas, factores ambientales, hábitos parafuncionales y un inadecuado diagnóstico y
pronostico en el tratamiento. Por último, la presencia de enfermedades periimplantarias siendo
la periimplantitis la más grave por la pérdida de tejido óseo requiriendo de la colocación de
injertos óseos.
The osseointegration is a biological process by which the alveolar bone is consolidated with the dental implant, thus creating its interface, resulting in stability and resistance. For the osseointegration process to be carried out, it must go through several phases or stages that begin from the moment the implantation is performed until the adaptation of the bone structure to the masticatory load that arises from the third month until the entire life of the patient implant in the mouth. Objective: To know what the biology of osseointegration in dental implants consists of. An exploratory scientific, bibliographic, descriptive, systematic, and analytic methodology was applied from sources extracted from the internet related to the biology of osseointegration in dental implants, which have to be studied to guarantee the success of the treatment. In accordance with the references found, it is proposed that osseointegration will take place through an inflammatory response that produces a release of proteins that interact around the implant so that a new bone is created within a certain time that is consolidated with the implant. There are also risk factors that are related to the osseointegration process, those that intervene in healing resulting in an inadequate union and instability. These factors are diet, systemic diseases, environmental factors, parafunctional habits, and an inadequate diagnosis and prognosis in the treatment. Finally, the presence of peri-implant diseases, peri-implantitis being the most serious due to the loss of bone tissue requiring the placement of bone grafts.
The osseointegration is a biological process by which the alveolar bone is consolidated with the dental implant, thus creating its interface, resulting in stability and resistance. For the osseointegration process to be carried out, it must go through several phases or stages that begin from the moment the implantation is performed until the adaptation of the bone structure to the masticatory load that arises from the third month until the entire life of the patient implant in the mouth. Objective: To know what the biology of osseointegration in dental implants consists of. An exploratory scientific, bibliographic, descriptive, systematic, and analytic methodology was applied from sources extracted from the internet related to the biology of osseointegration in dental implants, which have to be studied to guarantee the success of the treatment. In accordance with the references found, it is proposed that osseointegration will take place through an inflammatory response that produces a release of proteins that interact around the implant so that a new bone is created within a certain time that is consolidated with the implant. There are also risk factors that are related to the osseointegration process, those that intervene in healing resulting in an inadequate union and instability. These factors are diet, systemic diseases, environmental factors, parafunctional habits, and an inadequate diagnosis and prognosis in the treatment. Finally, the presence of peri-implant diseases, peri-implantitis being the most serious due to the loss of bone tissue requiring the placement of bone grafts.
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IMPLANTES DENTALES, CICATRIZACION DE HERIDAS, OSEOINTEGRACION