Evaluación morfológica del germoplasma fruta de pan (Artocarpus altilis F.) en la estación experimental Litoral Sur del INIAP.
Fecha
2021
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El árbol de pan, frutipan o mazapanes es una especie perteneciente al género
Artocarpus distribuidas desde el sudeste asiático (Filipinas, Indonesia), hasta la
Polinesia. Contiene muchas propiedades nutricionales y medicinales. El objetivo de esta
investigación fue evaluar la variabilidad morfoagronomica de las características
fenotípicas y genotípicas del fruto de las cuales han sido muy poca estudiadas, de 31
accesiones ex situ, para determinar la variabilidad de los datos recolectados en campo
se realizaron análisis estadísticos descriptivos (ACP), de agregación jerárquica de
conglomerados, correlación (Pearson). A los datos cuantitativos se les determinaron
sus estadígrafos de tendencia central y dispersión (coeficiente de variación, rango,
media y desviación típica) y a los cualitativos su frecuencia estadística expresada en
porcentajes. Gracias a esta información se establecieron que las variables con mayor
relevancia en árbol fueron: la altura de árbol con un CV= 20.10%, la circunferencia del
tronco con un CV= 46.39% siendo las más importantes ya que contribuye al desarrollo y
vigor del árbol. Otro de los que más destacaron fue el diámetro de copa con un CV=
20.45 y numero de frutos por rama CV= 33.20%. En las variables de fruto que
presentaron una gran relevancia fue: los sólidos solubles totales con un CV=29.82%, el
peso de cascara con CV= 25.78%, la acides titulable 22,25% y materia seca de 21,68%.
The breadfruit, frutipan or marzipan is a species belonging to the genus Artocarpus distributed from Southeast Asia (Philippines, Indonesia), to Polynesia. It contains many nutritional and medicinal properties. The aim of this research was to gauge the morphoagronomic variability of the phenotypic and genotypic features of the fruit, of which, very few have been studied, of 31 accessions in situ of breadfruit. To pinpoint the variability of the data collected in the field, descriptive statistical analysis of the main components (PCA), hierarchical aggregation of clusters, and correlation (Pearson). The quantitative data, their central tendency and dispersion statistics were pinpointed (coefficient of variation, range, mean and standard deviation) and the qualitative ones, their statistical frequency was expressed in percentages. By means of this information, it was laid out that the variables with the greatest relevance in the tree were: the height of the tree with a CV = 20.10%, the circumference of the stem with a CV = 46.39%, being the most important since it contributes to the development and stamina of the tree. Another point that stood out the most was the crown diameter with a CV = 20.45 and number of fruits per branch CV = 33.20%. As for, in the fruit, the most overriding variables were: total soluble solids with CV = 29.82%, shell weight with CV = 25.78%, titratable acidity 22.25% and dry matter of 21.68%.
The breadfruit, frutipan or marzipan is a species belonging to the genus Artocarpus distributed from Southeast Asia (Philippines, Indonesia), to Polynesia. It contains many nutritional and medicinal properties. The aim of this research was to gauge the morphoagronomic variability of the phenotypic and genotypic features of the fruit, of which, very few have been studied, of 31 accessions in situ of breadfruit. To pinpoint the variability of the data collected in the field, descriptive statistical analysis of the main components (PCA), hierarchical aggregation of clusters, and correlation (Pearson). The quantitative data, their central tendency and dispersion statistics were pinpointed (coefficient of variation, range, mean and standard deviation) and the qualitative ones, their statistical frequency was expressed in percentages. By means of this information, it was laid out that the variables with the greatest relevance in the tree were: the height of the tree with a CV = 20.10%, the circumference of the stem with a CV = 46.39%, being the most important since it contributes to the development and stamina of the tree. Another point that stood out the most was the crown diameter with a CV = 20.45 and number of fruits per branch CV = 33.20%. As for, in the fruit, the most overriding variables were: total soluble solids with CV = 29.82%, shell weight with CV = 25.78%, titratable acidity 22.25% and dry matter of 21.68%.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Morfoagronimica, Fenotípica, Genotípica, Ex Situ, Conglomerados