Adherencia a tratamiento de personas con primer episodio de esquizofrenia, una revisión sistemática
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2021
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
Resumen
La esquizofrenia es un trastorno mental de índole severo que impacta el pensamiento, comportamiento y emociones de aquellos que los padecen; el reconocimiento del primer episodio de EQZ se genera ante un proceso de valoración y diagnóstico formal de los síntomas, revelando de forma definitiva la tenencia de la enfermedad. El objetivo del presente estudio implica caracterizar la adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con primer episodio de Esquizofrenia conforme el tratamiento farmacológico. La metodología de investigación consiste en un enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo, explicativo, cuya modalidad alude a una revisión sistemática y bibliográfica procedente de múltiples portales científicos, incluyendo la plataforma VigiAccess. Los resultados permitieron identificar dos clases de medicamentos antipsicóticos, que son de primera (Haloperidol, Trifluoperazina, Clorpromazina, Flufenazina, Clozapina, Zuclopentixol y Perfenazina) y segunda generación (Risperidona, Olanzapina, Quetiapina, Aripiprazol y Ziprasidona); el primer grupo preserva una mayor eficacia en los síntomas positivos. En contraste, los fármacos atípicos son más factibles en el manejo de síntomas positivos y negativos, preservando una mayor relevancia clínica en razón del perfil de los efectos secundarios. Las reacciones adversas de los medicamentos de primera generación involucran diversas categorías, como el trastorno del sistema nervioso, generales, psiquiátricos, de la piel, hepatobiliares, entre otros; mientras que los de segunda generación involucran los trastornos del aparato y de la mama, lesiones, intoxicaciones y complicaciones de procedimientos, trastornos del metabolismo y de nutrición, entre otros. Los factores que perjudican la adherencia terapéutica se relacionan con el paciente, entorno, medicación, ámbito clínico y enfermedades médicas o mentales.
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that impacts the thinking, behavior and emotions of those who suffer from them; The recognition of the first episode of ZZD is generated by a process of evaluation and formal diagnosis of the symptoms, definitively revealing the presence of the disease. The objective of the present study involves characterizing the therapeutic adherence in patients with a first episode of Schizophrenia according to the pharmacological treatment. The research methodology consists of a qualitative, descriptive, explanatory approach, whose modality refers to a systematic and bibliographic review from multiple scientific portals, including the VigiAccess platform. The results allowed the identification of two classes of antipsychotic drugs, which are first (Haloperidol, Trifluoperazine, Chlorpromazine, Fluphenazine, Clozapine, Zuclopentixol and Perphenazine) and second generation (Risperidone, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Aripiprazole and Ziprasidone); the first group preserves greater efficacy in positive symptoms. In contrast, atypical drugs are more feasible in the management of positive and negative symptoms, preserving greater clinical relevance due to the profile of side effects. Adverse reactions to first-generation drugs involve various categories, such as disorders of the nervous system, general, psychiatric, skin, hepatobiliary, among others; while those of the second generation involve disorders of the apparatus and the breast, injuries, poisonings and complications of procedures, metabolism and nutrition disorders, among others. Factors that impair adherence are related to the patient, environment, medication, clinical setting, and medical or mental illnesses.
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that impacts the thinking, behavior and emotions of those who suffer from them; The recognition of the first episode of ZZD is generated by a process of evaluation and formal diagnosis of the symptoms, definitively revealing the presence of the disease. The objective of the present study involves characterizing the therapeutic adherence in patients with a first episode of Schizophrenia according to the pharmacological treatment. The research methodology consists of a qualitative, descriptive, explanatory approach, whose modality refers to a systematic and bibliographic review from multiple scientific portals, including the VigiAccess platform. The results allowed the identification of two classes of antipsychotic drugs, which are first (Haloperidol, Trifluoperazine, Chlorpromazine, Fluphenazine, Clozapine, Zuclopentixol and Perphenazine) and second generation (Risperidone, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Aripiprazole and Ziprasidone); the first group preserves greater efficacy in positive symptoms. In contrast, atypical drugs are more feasible in the management of positive and negative symptoms, preserving greater clinical relevance due to the profile of side effects. Adverse reactions to first-generation drugs involve various categories, such as disorders of the nervous system, general, psychiatric, skin, hepatobiliary, among others; while those of the second generation involve disorders of the apparatus and the breast, injuries, poisonings and complications of procedures, metabolism and nutrition disorders, among others. Factors that impair adherence are related to the patient, environment, medication, clinical setting, and medical or mental illnesses.
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ESQUIZOFRENIA, PRIMER EPISODIO DE ESQUIZOFRENIA, ADHERENCIA TERAPÉUTICA, TRATAMIENTO FARMACOLÓGICO, MEDICAMENTOS ANTIPSICÓTICOS